What is the eligibility Postgraduate Medical Course-MD/MS/MDS? Is the postgraduate degree from Russia recognized in India?
The applicant should have obtained a MBBS degree from a recognized or approved Medical or Dental college/university. The applicant should have completed one year of Internship and obtained permanent/temporary registration from Medical Council of India or Dental Council of India. The Medical Council of India at the present time does not recognize or register the postgraduate degrees from anywhere in the world except USA, UK, Australia and New Zealand. This means that the doctors with Russian postgraduate degrees would be not be able to work as a specialist in Indian government hospitals nor teach the specialization learnt. However, such doctors can have their own private practice or work in private hospitals in India. However, as per the new notification of the Dental Council of India dated 13th, August 2009, in the Indian Gazette post graduation from abroad including Russia is now recognized and registered in India by the Dental Council of India after the clearing of a screening exam.
What is the eligibility for Undergraduate Medical Course-MBBS? What are the entrance examinations that the students have to appear for joining the university in Russia?
The student shall complete the age of 17 years on or before 31st December of the year of admission to the MBBS course. The student should have obtained 50% marks in aggregate in Physics, Chemistry and Biology in the 12th standard examination. Students belonging SC/ST and OBC category are eligible having 40% marks in aggregate in PCB in the 12th standard examination. NO. Student does not have to appear for any entrance examination. The admissions are based on the 12th standard marks for the Graduate courses and as per the equivalency of the Indian graduate degree with the Russian degrees for the post graduate courses. All admissions are strictly on a first come first served basis.
What will be my average month expenses in Russia? Whether a life and a health insurance are necessary?
"Usually the expenses for first month of staying in Russia are more than those of the subsequent months. You'll need about 500 USD for the first three months of staying in Russia. This is due to the reason that the student would need to pay the registration charges, purchase items of necessity etc. Subsequently, the average monthly expenses for food are about US$ 80-US$ 150. Yes ,The health insurance guarantees that the student gets the required medical aid in times of illness according to the program of the insurance cover, the insurance policy mentions the names and the telephone numbers of the doctors and the hospitals. Without the life and the health insurance it is not possible to process the registration of the student.
Therefore, the life and the health insurance are necessary and obligatory for all foreign students wishing to study in Russia."
How much luggage is allowed to be brought in Russia? Will I have to incur some additional expenses upon arrival in Russia?
"While there is no general restriction in the weight of the luggage is brought from your hometown, it should be noted that the airlines allow 20-25 kgs of luggage to be carried free of cost. All excess luggage's are to be paid on a Kg basis and may prove expensive, it is recommended to bring only the necessary things that are required and which you feel may not be available in Russia, all other things could be purchased in Russia.
It is recommended to carry with you warm cloths like coat, boots, cap, gloves scarf etc, things of personal hygiene. For your journey in the period of September - October, you could carry with you an easy jacket, jeans, socks, and sport boots while during the winter months of November - December you would need to carry a warm coat, a sweater, warm trousers, boots, cap, and gloves. Upon arrival, the student should pay to the University the officially established charges for the registration, which would be around US$ 10-30. In some cases the University would require the student to be re-examined for HIV or medical fitness which would cost an additional US$ 20. Validity of the HIV certificate would be 3 months."
What is the visa invitation for education? What is the migration card in Russia?
"The invitation for education is the official document, which is processed by the department of passport-visa service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, it confirms that the student is admitted to a particular University. It specifies your passport details and the full name of the University. This invitation support letter is required by the Russian Embassy to stamp the visa on your passport. Generally, it takes around 10 days for the visa invitation to be processed at the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The invitation is valid for 90 days from the date of its issuance and you need to apply to the Russian Embassy for a visa during the validity of the invitation issued. The migration card is the document which testifies that the student has crossed the border of the Russian Federation. It is an obligatory document for the further processing of the student registration and hence is an important document. Without the migration card the registration on the territory of Russian Federation cannot be done and the student would be deported back to the home country. The migration card is handed out by the flight attendant on the plane or is also available at the airport on arrival at the immigration department, the card consists of 2 identical parts, which are necessary to fill.
At the immigration of the International airport, the immigration officer stamps the both parts of the card and retains one while the other part is handed over to the student. Before leaving the immigration desk, it is important that you check that you have received the stamped part from the officer. It is important and obligatory to retain the migration card till the departure from Russia."
Study in Russia
Study in Spain
Do I need a high level of Spanish to study at a Spanish university? How much does it cost to do a Degree or a Masters in Spain?
Yes, in most universities you will have to take a test to confirm your linguistic ability. Universities may also consider the student's résumé to verify your ability.
"A Degree at a public university costs, on average, 1,000 euros per academic year. A Degree at a private university costs, on average, 6,300 euros per academic year.
A Masters costs from 4,000 to 30,000 euros, depending on where you study, for how long you study etc."
How to get admission in Universities or colleges of Spain?
"To get admission in universities or colleges of Spain, students must expect to be asked to provide following information:
Student's academic performance (Grade Point Average, scholarships, etc...
Student's selling points/talents (what students think about him/herself
Letters of recommendation (what other's think about the student)
Student's hobbies and interests, knowledge of current events in Spain, resume/curriculum-vitae and official college transcript to date, etc..."
What are the approx living cost for an international student in spain while studying?
"In Spain Rent and other living expenses vary considerably depending on the participant housing choices and financial situation. A single participant can expect to incur the following approximate basic living expenses (monthly):
Housing: 500 - 700
Utilites: 80 - 150
Food: 300 - 360
Transportation: 20 - 40
Miscellaneous: 120 - 200
Sub Total: 1,020 - 1,450 (euros)
Sports: 30 - 60
Entertainment: 220 - 300
Total: 1,270 - 1,810 (euros)
Those students arriving with partners should increase all costs by approximately 30%"
Do I need a student visa for studying in Spain?
"Student visa for Spain may not be required depending on the length of study and nationality of the student. Nationals of the following countries may not require a visa for stays of up to 90 days:
(a) EU countries, Australia, Canada, Japan and US;
(b) Andorra, Argentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Korea (Rep. Of), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands Antilles, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Poland, San Marino, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Switzerland, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela.
Those studying longer than 90 days may require a student visa.
Nationals of countries not appearing above may require a visa to enter Spain. Documents Required
The following may be required:
Completed application form.
4 passport-size photos.
Valid passport (For a minimum of 180 days prior to your arrival in Spain)
Return travel tickets or itinerary and proof of payment for tickets.
Proof of purpose of visit.
Evidence of sufficient funds for stay.
Proof of attendance at educational institute
Medical certificate from physician
Police clearance certificates (for any countries of residence during the previous 5 years)
Time required to issue visa
Time of visa issuance varies with nationality; average 6 weeks to 10 weeks."
Study in Denmark
What all documents are required for submitting application for Danish student visa?
"Documents Required for Submitting Application -
A copy of a valid passport or other form of legitimate travel documentation issued to them.
A passport photo. The photo must be 35 mm x 45 mm (size of head 30-36 mm from the bottom of the chin to the top of the head). They must be facing the camera directly.
Original documentation showing that they have been accepted at an educational institution. Please note that the original letter of acceptance must be attached to the application - copies will not be accepted.
If they have been accepted at a post-secondary educational program and have to pay a tuition fee, they must attach documentation that this has been paid for the first semester or school year.
If student is at a basic or youth education program, prerequisite course, folk high school, or if you are a guest student at a post-secondary educational program, or any other study where they are not to pay a tuition fee, they must attach documentation that they can support themselves during their stay. The required amount is DKK 4,200 per month, and the documentation can be a bank statement, evidence of a grant or scholarship, or similar. Please note that a bank statement could come from a foreign bank, if they submit a first-time application from abroad. (However, if they are from Bangladesh, Benin, Cameroun, Ghana, India, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan or Togo, the bank statement must be from a Danish bank or a bank in another EU country.) If student submit a first-time application from Denmark, then the bank statement must be from a Danish bank or a bank in another EU country. The same applies if student are applying for an extension of their residence permit on the grounds that they have been accepted for a new course of study.
If student is at a folk high school or at a basic or youth education program, they must attach documentation that applicable student fees have been paid. If student fees are to be paid in installments, subsequent to arrival in Denmark, they must attach documentation showing that they have the financial means to make these payments for the current school year. "
What is a Process to obtain Danish Student Visa for international students?
"The international students being a foreign national are required to have a residence permit to be eligible to continue their education in any educational institution of Denmark. In order to be granted a residence permit student must document:
That they have been admitted to a higher educational program which has been approved by a state authority or which is offered by a publicly accredited institute of learning.
That student can support themselves for the duration of their stay in Denmark. If they are to pay a tuition fee, they must document that they have paid the tuition fee for the first semester or year, instead of documenting that they can support themselves.
That student can speak and understand the language of instruction and have a working knowledge of Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, English or German.
Student’s participation in the educational program must have been arranged by a ministry or institution of higher learning or the educational program must be part of a post-secondary educational program which they have already commenced in their country of origin. In other words, they may be granted a residence permit either in order to complete an entire educational program or in order to follow part of a program as a guest student.
Normally, student must have obtained a residence permit before entering Denmark. They can submit their application in their country of origin (or in the country where they have resided permanently for the past three months). Students are required to submit their application at the Danish diplomatic mission (embassy or consulate general) in their country of origin."
What is the admission procedure and deadline in denmark?
"The application procedures and deadlines vary between institutions and level of study # Undergraduate studies
The deadline for admission in August or September is usually 15 March . A few institutions have additional intakes in January or February and for those start dates, the deadline is 1 September . The application forms are usually available from the institutions from approximately 2 months before the deadline.
Postgraduate studies
The deadlines for the different programmes vary and you should therefore always contact the relevant institution for further information. "
What are the study options available in Denmark for international students?
"International students in Denmark can choose between a range of different programmes:
degree programmes
exchange/visiting student programmes
individually designed programmes
summer schools
An ample selection of programmes and courses taught in English makes it easy to find a suitable study option regardless of the level you are looking to study at. All programmes offered by Danish higher education institutions are of the highest quality and in order to gain admission you have to meet both the academic and language requirements. There are three types of institutions-1.Academies of professional higher education- 2-year Academy Profession (AP) programmes.
Various adult and continuing education programmes offered primarily through part-time study 2. University colleges- 3-4½-year Professional Bachelor’s programmes
Various post-graduate diploma and executive Master’s programmes offered primarily through part-time study . 3.Universities - 3-year Bachelor’s programmes (BSc/ BA)
2-year Candidatus/Master’s programmes (MSc/ MA)
3-year PhD programmes "
How to apply for a traineeship or a work placement in Denmark while studying?
"As a student at a higher education institution you can either undertake a work placement as an integrated part of a study programme or you can organise it yourself either during or after graduation. Although the Danish Agency for International Education cannot help you find a traineeship or a work placement, we hope that the following information about the different options is helpful. International students from EU/EEA are allowed to work unlimited hours, while students from the rest of the world can work a maximum of 15 hours per week during the academic year and full time during the summer holidays (June, July and August).
The minimum wage per hour in Denmark is approximately 12 Euro. "
What are the types of accommodations are available in Denmark? And wha is the cost?
"Finding a place to live often takes time, so we would strongly advise you to contact your Danish education institution for information about accommodation as soon as you have been admitted. The institutions will be able to assist you in finding a place to live - some may even guarantee to find somewhere for you. There are several accommodation options:
room in a hall of residence ( Kollegium ), price: 240-400 Euro per month.
privately rented room in a house or a flat , price: 200-500 Euro per month.
privately rented flat - either alone or shared with other students, prices vary considerably.
Alternatively, you could swap flat or room with students from Denmark who are going to study in your home city. "
In Denmark is there any Introductory programmes for international students and do I need to speak Danish to study in Denmark? What if I want to learn Danish. Is this possible during my stay in Denmark?
"As a service to international students, many Danish institutions have established a ""buddy-programme"" aimed at helping international students to get settled more easily. On arrival, a “buddy” (a current student) will help the students to get settled, meet other students and assist them with practical matters in their first weeks at the institution. The welcome programmes and the courses in Danish language and culture provide international students with another opportunity to familiarise themselves with their host country and meet other international and Danish students. You don't have to speak Danish to study in Denmark, but understanding the local language might enrich your stay here. There are plenty of opportunities to learn Danish in Denmark. There are long courses run during the academic year, short intensive courses and summer courses offered before the beginning of the semester. Depending on your needs, time, interests and prior qualifications, there are the following main options:
Courses at Danish higher education institutions
Programmes and courses offered by the local council
Private language schools or classes offered by private language teachers
Courses at the 'Folk High Schools'"
How do I apply to an institution in Denmark? What are the living expenses in Denmark for international students?
"We recommend that you contact the admissions office at the institution in question, you may find links to institutions on each programme description.
- You may also download an application form at www.optagelse.dk -----Living Cost in Denmark varies place to place and universities to universities. However, in average the cost of living for international students in Denmark is approximately 4400-6600 Danish Krone (DKK) which is almost equivalent to 640-800 Euros. This cost of living the expenses for students for one month duration. The cost of living in Copenhagen will be more than that in other Danish villages and town. It is because Copenhagen, the Danish capital has higher living cost than in other places of Denmark. To minimize living costs, students can cook their own food. If students rent the Residence hall, then kitchens will be ready for them."
Is there any scholarships available in Denmark? And What is the Average tuition fees in Denmark
Scholarships are available for students from non-EU/EEA countries studying at higher education institutions in Denmark. The scholarships are administered by the institutions, so please enquire about this at the institution when you apply for admission.
Through the Erasmus Mundus scheme, it is possible to apply for a scholarship to undertake specific Master's degree programmes offered jointly by a Danish institution and other European institutions.
Higher education in Denmark is usually provided free of charge for all EU/EEA students and for students who are participating in an exhange programme. All other students have to pay a tuition fee. Annual tuition fees for full-time degree students range from 6,000 to 16,000 Euro.
What are the Admission requirements at Danish higher education institutions ?Candidatus/Master’s programmes (MSc/ MA)
3-year PhD programmes "
"International students wishing to study a full Danish degree programme should be aware that admission requirements vary from programme to programme. Undergraduate programmes-
You are eligible to apply for admission to an undergraduate programme if you hold a qualification comparable to a Danish qualifying examination. Please check whether your qualifications are recognised in Denmark. We would advise you to contact the institution you are interested in for more information about the specific admission requirements.
Master's programmes
Admission requirements for Master's programmes (candidatus programmes) are:
an internationally recognised good Bachelor's degree of good standard or equivalent
proof of proficiency in English
proof of proficiency in Danish if the programme is taught in Danish
PhD programmes
The general admissions requirements for PhD studies include a Candidatus/Master's degree or equivalent (comparable to the Danish two-year Candidatus/Master’s degree) In some areas, a four-year PhD programme is offered to students who have completed a Bachelor’s qualification and one year of study at postgraduate level. "
Study in Germany
What English Level do I need to study in Germany
Since the medium of instruction in most German institutions is English, proficiency in German language is not a necessary criterion for admission decisions to be made. However, a student is expected to show his proficiency in the German language for better living. It is imperative that students have at least a basic knowledge of German. Most German Universities do not expect TOEFL, IELTS or GRE scores. Some universities that offer International degree programs in English might expect a TOEFL/IELTS score, but even that is usually waived if the student’s education has been in English language. Some of the Management schools may ask for a GMAT score. Even in schools where it is not asked, a student with a GMAT score will be given preference over one who has not given the test, provided the score is a good one.
Do I need a visa to study in Germany?
"Student who want to pursue a full time study program in Germany have to apply for a student visa at German Embassy or the Consulate General. Students Visa for Germany is initially granted for three-month duration. The Visa is further extended by the authorities in Germany within three months of their stay in the country. According to the immigration laws in Germany, it is compulsory to get a student’s Visa. In order to apply for a Students Visa for studying in Germany, students have to furnish a number of important documents and submit it along with their application form at the Consulate General or German Embassy. Here is a list of the important documents required for students Visa for Germany.
Students are required to have a valid passport along with 2 passport photographs
Students have to furnish proof of possession of a school leaving certificate, i.e. A-level certificate, permitting them to study in Germany.
Students have to have proof that that they possess German-language skills or that that intend to attend a language course in Germany
Students also must have proof of adequate financial resources to sponsor their study and accommodation fees.
Financial proof (approx. INR 350,000)
Application fee (INR 1,100)
Original degree certificates
Finally students also require a health certificate to prove that they are medically fit."
Where can I find scholarships in Germany?
"Germany offers several wonderful opportunities to build strong academic backgrounds to students from across the world. There are many organizations that offer financial support in the form of scholarships in Germany. The magic phrase in Germany is 'promotion of talent' and here ""talent"" doesn't have to be restricted by boundaries of intelligence or exceptional athleticism. In Germany you will find several government as well as non-government organizations that have set up several schemes so that even foreign students can qualify for educational grants in Germany. The eminent foundations that offer scholarships in Germany expect the recipients to be thoroughly devoted towards making correct use of their financial aids. A list of the most reputed scholarship foundations of Germany is given below-
DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst)
Heinrich Boll Foundation
Friedrich Ebert Foundation
Fulbright Commission
Friedrich Naumann Foundation
Otto Benecke Foundation
Hans Bockler Foundation
Hanns Seidel Foundation
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
Are there public and private universities in Germany ? And German degrees recognised in India?
Most universities and colleges in Germany are public, i.e. they receive funding from the federal government. Some are also financed by the Protestant or Catholic Church. In addition to these subsidised institutions, there are now more than 80 private universities and colleges which confer officially recognised degrees. A majority of these are universities of applied sciences. Most students in Germany are enrolled at public universities. Only three percent of all students attend a private institution, perhaps due to the fact that private colleges and universities tend to charge high tuition fees. The quality of instruction at both types of universities, however, is comparably high. The German system of higher education is quite different from the Indian system. At a German university you can study for one of the degrees (UG, PG or PhD), the level varying according to the disciplines. Many German universities confer Bachelor's and Master's degrees that are internationally recognised. Prior to enrolment at a German institution of higher education you are advised to find out from the Association of Indian Universities (AIU) and All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) whether and which of these degrees are recognised in India.
Can I work while I am studying? Also should I stay in Germany after my studies?
As you are a full-time student you are allowed to work part-time for 90 days or 180 half days in one year without a work permit. However, you have to contact the respective employment office, which cites and states the necessary conditions. However the nature and type of job may vary. If you are a DAAD scholarship holder and would like to earn some extra money besides studying, you need to get permission from the DAAD first. As a university graduate you can, after completing your studies, remain in the country for a further year to look for a job. A residence permit issued for the purpose of studying can, after a job has been found, be converted into a residence permit for taking up gainful employment. The residence permit which enables you to take up a job may be issued for up to 5 years.
How much does it cost to study in Germany? Are there tuition fees in Germany?
"Almost all higher education institutions are funded by Federal and State Legislations. German and international students who study in Germany are not charged tuition fees. However, there are some private institutions of higher education and some state institutions offering courses for which fees are charged. The cost of living which includes rent, food, clothing, laundry, personal hygiene, travel, study materials and other expenses like health insurance, telephone and leisure activities is approximately EUR 650 per month. If you study in former West Germany you should estimate about EUR 700 per month. In the new Federal States (former East Germany) it is generally less expensive. There you will need only about EUR 600 per month.
However, do not intend to finance your studies by planning to work part-time in Germany. A student visa is not a work permit, and studying in a foreign country itself is a very demanding task, so there will be little time left for working.
Please note that the above figures are average calculations and the actual costs may differ depending on situations and circumstances prevailing in different cities and your standard of living."
How do I apply to an institution in Germany?
"Your first point of contact should be the International Office DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service)of your chosen university. The staff there will be able to tell you everything you need to know about procedures, dates and deadlines, requirements, and the papers and documents that you need to submit. In general you need to take the following steps:
1. search the programme you are interested in
For this you can use the universities websites or for more detailed information’s also you can contact the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service)
2. contact the institution
send an e-mail to the contact address in the database to ask them all your questions and doubts about the programme; and ask them for a list of documents required for your admission.
3. collect all required documents
you will need to gather all documents required by the university. Some of these must be written by yourself (Personal Statement or Statement of Purpose) and some Recommendations are expected to be from your professors, lecturers or employers. All documents must be in English or translated in English.
4. application
Some institutions accept online applications. Please complete the whole online procedure before sending anything by post."
What are the degrees offered by German institutions of higher education? And What is the weather like in Germany?
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Master of Arts (M.A.) for non-technical subjects , Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.), Master of Science (M.Sc.) for technical and science-oriented subjects , Bachelor in Business Administration (BBA), Master in Business Administration (MBA) for economic and business management , Bachelor of Computer Science, Master of Computer Science , Bachelor of Social Work (B.S.W.), Master of Social Work (M.S.W.), "Diplom" (4-5 years, not comparable with Diploma courses in India) for economic and business management, technical and science-oriented subjects (the famous German "Diplom-Ingenieur") , "Magister" (4-5 years) for humanities and social sciences. Living in Germany also means to cope with seasonal weather changes. The country lies in a rather cool westerly wind zone between the atlantic and the continental climate. Extreme weather changes tend to be rare. The average winter temperature is between 1°C in the lowlands and minus 6°C in the mountain areas. July is the warmest month of the year with an average temperature of 20°C.
Do I need to speak german to study in Germany? And If I want to learn German then is this possible during my stay in Germany? Where can I have my documents certified?
Since the medium of instruction in the international degree programmes is mainly english, you are not expected to have German language skills. Instead a proof of proficiency in english , like IELTS or TOEFL, is often required. Nevertheless the basic knowledge of german language will help u to interact with german students and to find a job. An impeccable knowledge of the German language is indispensable for anyone wanting to study in Germany in courses that are not explicitly offered in English (See DSH-Test and TestDaF). If you are inclined to learn the language in your own country - what we strongly recommend and is more economical - contact the nearest Goethe Institute (Max Mueller Bhavan in India) (www.goethe.de) or the German Department at your university. If the university requests true copies of your documents to be included in your application, you may contact the German Embassy or Consulate General nearest to you. Please submit your documents, including the originals and the copies. For the time taken and costs incurred directly contact the Embassy or Consulate General.
Which documents are usually required for admission in Germany?
"The following documents are generally required:
A certified copy of the certificate/degree for admission to higher education or in other words the foreign high school qualification
A translation (from an official translator) of the high school certificate.
A passport-size photograph
Bio-data with exact information about one's education (schools visited, exams taken etc)
Proof of higher studies attended till now if applicable
Language certificate as proof of required German language knowledge
An officially certified photocopy of the assessment test to determine the eligibility of foreign applicants to studies at institutions of higher education in Germany with subjects and mark list, if the test has been taken.
TOEFL/IELTS or GMAT score cards if applicable."
Study in France
Scholarships availbale in France
Several scholarships exist. On an average the French government supports 300 scholarship holders every year.
The various types of scholarships include
The French Embassy in India’s incentive scholarships
The French ministry of External affairs offers the Eiffel grants of excellence
The institutions in France themselves may waive certain fees
Corporate scholarships offered by Thales, Orange, Air Liquide,DCNS, Neemrana Foundation, Krishnakriti Foundation etc,
Regions of France that offer grants thus the Ile de France region offers a grant of 10,000 euros per annum for students going to Parisian region of France
Other scholarships include those supported by Erasmus Mundus Commission of the European study. To know more about the ligibility, award of scholarship: please refer to the “French government grant” page in the website: www.india-campusfrance.org
How does France compare to the US/UK and Australia as a study destination and number of Indian students go there?
France devotes fully 20% of its annual budget to education. The cost comparison is 1/3 of US/U as the French state largely subsidizes the educational cost. For French and international students alike, the government subsidizes a very large part of the cost of instruction in France's universities and other public institutions.
For example: University de Lyon offers a two year Msc in Nanoscale Engineering for INR 30,000(500 Euros) or University Joseph-Fourier –Grenoble 1 offers Msc in Informatics for INR 60,000 for the two-year program. Toulouse Business School offers Master in Economics, Economic Theory and Finance in INR 18000 for their one-year program.
In the year 2009-2010, 1945 student visa requests for France were processed for pursuing higher studies in various disciplines.
Is language a barrier for Indian students wanting to study in France?
No, several courses especially in engineering (all branches), management, hospitality, fashion studies, economics, etc are available in English. However, it is a good idea to start on French to make your stay more rewarding and fruitful and also for getting an internship opportunity in France. Furthermore learning a foreign language is no longer an impediment for global careers it is a necessity and thus studying in France gives even more value addition for awesome global mobility and excellent career options.
Does French universities have exchange programmes?
More than three hundred MoUs exist between French and Indian institutes of higher education. Of these a great deal are very active and represent an annual academic exchange of over 400 students. About 200 French students come to India on a principle of reciprocity and study at institutes such as the IITs, IIMs,FMS, MDI, Delhi University, JNU , Manipal University, Jamia Milia Islamia, University of Pune, XLRI, MERI amongst many others.
In India, Most of the IIMs have exchange programs with French Institutes for example IIM Lucknow, Ahemadabad and Indore.IIM Ahemedabad has an exchange program with ESSEC Business School. There is a twinning program established between Loyala College and ISA Lille in the field of Master of Sustainable Food and Manufacturing Management.ITM Business School in Mumbai and ESSCA has established a joint Master in Management program.
Within the framework of the Indo-French Consortium of Universities, there are several joint projects at Master and PhD level between Indian and French Universities.
For example: UJF Grenoble –Delhi University for Master in Nuclear Engineering and Master in Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
How expensive is staying on campus in France as opposed to staying off it?
Living in University Housing
Universities throughout France offer rooms and studio apartments at reduced rates (between 120 to 300 Euros per month) in student residences managed by CROUS, the regional affiliates of the French national student-service agency, known as CNOUS.
Relying on the private rental market
Monthly average rents average 15 Euros per square meter in Paris and 7 Euros per square meter elsewhere in France. The supply of units in privately owned student apartment buildings is rising. These buildings offer furnished and equipped studios and shared services such as cafeterias, coin laundries, and game rooms. The monthly rent for a studio in such a building is 500 to 700 Euros outside Paris and 550 to 700 Euros in Paris.
Every International student is entitled to receive an offset equivalent to approximately 30 % of rent by the French Government. The two types of assistance are Allocation de logement sociale and Aide personnalisée au logement, often referred to as ALS and APL. Payments are made by local family assistance funds (caisses d'allocations familiales, or CAF).Thus a 500 euros studio may work out to cost 350 euros per month with CAF benefits.
Do French universities offer Teaching Assistantships?
No. But other type of work can be envisaged such as internships, communications, data entry,receptionists, etc students are allowed to work for up to 20 hours a week.
What can French Universities offer that universities in India cannot?
French higher education institutes are very closely linked to research laboratories of national and international repute with excellent facilities and equipment. Students also get an opportunity to work in research centers. For example ,Ecole Polytechnique has many research laboratories operating in various scientific fields (physics, mathematics, computer science, economics, chemistry, etc.), most operated in association with national scientific institutions such as CNRS, CEA, or also INRIA
French Institutes also offer European degrees along with French degrees. For example: EM Lyon offers European Master in Management.
Within the framework of Erasmus Mundus Programmes that are fully funded masters programmes offered by universities in the European union , French Institutes offer various courses in the field of Advanced Robotics, Computational Mechanics, Humanities
Certain French Institutes offer paid internships as a part of their curriculum and this internship is mandatory for students to complete their degree.
France is a signatory to the Bologna process that sets European standards of education and homogenizes the duration of studies to acquire degrees and hence French Universities recognize Indian degrees and vice-versa.
An excellent platform to learn a foreign language that will set one apart in a world where more and more global skills are essential, all while the student may be studying a program taught in English.
Could you tell us the names of some of the more prominent universities in France?
For Management studies, France has elite institutions like INSEAD, HEC, ESSEC, ESCP-EAP, and EM LYON.
For Engineering and Technology, France has INSA Lyon, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, TELECOM Parsitech, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie.
There are engineering grande ecoles such as the groupment des ecoles des mines, ecoles centrales, the INSAS, the ENPC, ENSAMs
In humanities and eserach there are some excellent institutions like the ENS, the Sciences-po as also many Public Universities such as the Sorbonne.
All the institutes recommended by Campus France are accredited by French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Education. For more details, kindly visit the website: www.india-campusfrance.org
Does France have universities that specialize in any particular field of study? Which one?
French Institutes and Universities offer all major courses and specializations. Certain fields that are popular due to French expertise and knowhow in the industry encompass specializations such as aeronautical engineering, nuclear energy and sciences, biomedical engineering wine studies, luxury brand management, culinary arts and tourism management, nanotechnology, telecommunications, fashion studies, architecture studies, journalism , design etc.
Luxury Brand Management: refer to ESSEC Business School, Paris Graduate School of Management
Perfume and Cosmetics: refer to University of Versailles Saint-Quentin –En –Yveline with Groupe ISIPCA.
For Aeronautical Engineering: refer to ISAE
Fr Nuclear Energy: refer to ParisTech, Ecole des Mines de Nantes,
For Hospitality Management: refer to Vatel, Essec, and Cordon Bleu
For telecommunications: refer to TELECOM Paristech, TELECOM SudParis.
For doing Public Health: refer to University Rennes 2 and EHESP.
How expensive is it to study in France?
In France, the tuition fees vary according to the nature of the Institute whether it is a PublicUniversity, a grande ecole (or a professional institution) or a private institution and thus tuition fees can vary from 400 euros annually to as much as 40,000 euros . The living expenses are 500 Euros per month anywhere in France except for Paris which is 600 Euros per mont on a frugal student budget
How employment-friendly is France towards students wanting to work and stay on in the country?
In France, once a student finishes his course is entitled to stay in France for six more months to hunt for a job. Should the student find a job commensurate to his/her qualification he can obtain a fixed duration work contrat or a periodically renewable work contract. There is no law that forbids meritorious and deserving foreign students from finding employment in France.
How many of the Indian students who have gone to France to study Have stayed back?
French Embassy in India has launched an IFAN (Indo-French Alumini Network) in India. This network comprises of 5000 Indian graduates who have studied in France. The stock of Indian students in France is around 3000 approximately.
If one wants admission to a French university, how does one go about It?
Campus France –a sector of French Embassy in India is set up by the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs in association with the French Ministry of National Education and Research to promote French Higher Education across the globe.CampusFrance is the first point of contact for students wishing to study in France. A student aspiring to study in France must first visit the website : www.india-campusfrance.org and then contact the local Campus France offices .Campus France offices in India will provide free counseling session, help the student in obtaining admission, help in finding accommodation and finally guidance in obtaining a student visa.
Scholarships available for studying in France
"Foreign students are eligible to apply for three kinds of scholarships for study in France: Scholarships of the French government: Information is available at the Service de Coopération et d'action culturelle ( SCAC ) at the embassy of France in your country.
Scholarships granted by your own government: Inquire with the authorities concerned with education in your own country.
Scholarships granted by international or non-governmental organizations
( foundations, associations, etc. ): consult especially the brochure published by UNESCO every two years, “Studies Abroad”: http://portal.unesco.org
Candidates are advised to make their application at least one year before they register at a French institution.
It is not possible to combine two different scholarships either from the same or from different institutions. Students holding a scholarship from their country of origin are requested to inform the Service de coopération et d'action culturelle de l'ambassade de France or the consulate of their presence in France. Holders of scholarships from an international organization or a non-governmental should also inform the representatives of these organizations in France."
Documents required with an application for a visa to study in France
10th Marksheet, 12th Marksheet, Graduation Marksheet (All years), Biodata, Recommendation letters, SOP, Certificate of French Language. Also it is not mandatory to give IELTS / TOEFL Test . January and September are the two intakes in France. Proof of registration or preregistration -A positive response to your application for admission or a certificate of pre-admission from the public or private institution where you will be pursuing your training or studies is considered to be sufficient proof.
In the case of a private institution, the certificate should mention the number of hours of study and should confirm that the registration and fees have been satisfactorily settled for the following academic year. The passport must be valid for the entire period of the stay.
Proof of sufficient financial resources ( a minimum of 430 € per month )
If the student holds a scholarship: a certificate on the letterhead of the institution granting the scholarship, mentioning the amount and duration of the scholarship.
If the financial resources are guaranteed by an individual living in France, the required documents are:
a signed guarantee.
a photocopy of a piece of personal identification of the guarantor.
a proof that the guarantor's means are sufficient ( a copy of the three
last paycheck stubs or pension check stubs, or a copy of tax forms )."
Health insurance is mandatory to study in France
France's system of social protection is one of the world's best. The system covers all or part of the health-care costs of insured parties. Students under the age of 28 are covered by social security when they register with an approved educational institution. Students 28 and older must obtain individual coverage. To establish the French VISA the student has to necessarily take an insurance for a minimum duration of three months. This insurance should start from the date of departure and should cover medical expenses and repatriation. An approximate cost for subscribing to such a plan is between Rs 3500 -Rs 4000 and guarantees a cover of up to 50000 US dollars. These insurances can be purchased from companies like TATA AIG, Bajaj Allianz, New India Insurance, ICICI Lombard etc.
Grants and scholarships available for study in France
"Applications for the study grants offered by the French government are made through the cultural service of the French embassy in the country in which you reside. Applicants are assessed according to the terms of binational agreements. Most grants are made for graduate study, usually at the doctoral level. The length of grants varies by program. Review of applications begins in March for programs beginning in the fall of the same year, so applications should be submitted as early as possible.
Scholarship students receive administrative assistance from the Centre National des Oeuvres Universitaires (CNOUS)."
International students may work half-time as long as they are registered at an institution approved by the French social security system. Even first-year students and students coming to France for the first time have the right to work half-time.
Cost to goto France for studies
Studying in France is relatively inexpensive because the government funds a significant share of the cost. Annual tuition in a public university is between 126 and 692 Euros, depending on the program. A meal in a university restaurant costs less than 3 Euros. Costs in private institutions are higher. Remember, international students are treated just like French students.
"In order to be able to live properly in France, a student needs between 650 and 850 € per month ( between $ 880 and $ 1150 ). This sum covers lodging,
meals, leisure activities, etc. For foreign students, there is a required minimum
( 430 € per month for the year 2009/2010 ). Consult a Consulate of France in your country."
International students coming from countries outside the European Union must obtain a long-term student visa from a French consulate. Upon arrival in France, international students must first register with their educational institution and then obtain a student residency permit from the local authorities.
Mostly Management and engineering programs are taught in english and some taught in Spanish, a knowledge of French will enable you to benefit more fully from your stay and to get more out of life in France.If your French isn't as good as you'd like, take some courses in France or in your home country. The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs publishes a catalog of programs in French as a foreign language–including specialized French in various disciplines–for students at all levels.
Study in Sweden
What English level do I need to study in Sweden? Can I work while studying in Sweden? Can I have an idea that how many international students are studying in sweden? Is it safe or worth to study and live in sweden?
Before being accepted to a higher education programme in Sweden, all applicants must demonstrate a minimum proficiency in English by taking the competitive tests like IELTS or TOEFL. For international applicants whose native language is not English, they have to demonstrate proficiency in English by obtaining a minimum score of 85 points out of 120 in TOEFL or a minimum band score of 6.5 out of 9.0 in IELTS. Student may work and they do not need a work permit to do that during their stay in Sweden as a student or a Master's degree student. Sweden is an open, multicultural society with a long tradition of welcoming international students. Currently, some 30,000 foreign students are studying in Sweden, making for a vibrant, international study environment. As a student in Sweden, you will have ample opportunity to make new friends.
Is it possible to study Swedish for beginners at a university or university college? What are my chances of receiving an SI scholarship?
Yes, several institutions offer Swedish for beginners. In most cases, the courses are intended for exchange students. At a few universities, courses are offered as part of a program to first teach students intensive Swedish so that they can pursue a degree at that institution in the Swedish language. In other words, Swedish is taught as a means to further study. If you intend to study Swedish in this manner, you should be aware that in order to continue with your studies after the year of intensive Swedish language courses, you will need to pass the TISUS test in Swedish. If you fail this test (and people do), you will not be able to continue your studies in Sweden. Over 500 scholarships are granted every year, though some scholarships have eligibility restrictions. Because academic institutions make an initial selection of candidates to recommend to SI, it is difficult for SI to gauge the size of the original pool. However, SI receives up to 10 recommended candidates for each of the 500 or so master’s degree programs, in addition to applications from doctoral students. In total, SI processes around 2,000 applications each year.
What are the general admission requirements in Sweden?
"Admission requirements generally varies according to the level of study and programs selected. The requirements for admission is mentioned below according to the admission level: For undergraduate level the general entry requirements are:-
Student must have an internationally recognized higher secondary level education or must have equivalent recognized qualifications.
Student must show proficiency in English by means of internationally recognized English tests like IELTS, TOEFL, etc.
For Postgraduate level the general entry requirements are: Admission requirements for master programs are:
Student must have an internationally recognized bachelor's degree or must have equivalent recognized qualifications.
Same as for undergraduate level, student must show proficiency in English by means of internationally recognized English test like IELTS, TOEFL, etc."
How much do I have to pay for accomodation in sweden?
"Below are some examples of the average monthly rate for student accommodation (Prices in SEK at 2007 levels. 1 SEK = approx. 6.5 INR). Please note: due to the shortage of student housing in the older university towns/cities (Uppsala, Lund, Stockholm and Gteborg) prices in the private market are likely to be higher there. For universities located in smaller towns, accommodation prices range from SEK 2,000 to SEK 3,500 for a room.
For universities located in medium-sized towns, accommodation prices range from SEK 2,300 to SEK 4,300 for a room.
For universities located in cities, accommodation prices range from SEK 2,500 to SEK 4,500 for a room.
To find out the precise availability and prices for student accommodation, contact the student union at your university or university college. "
Are there tuition fees at Swedish universities and university colleges? What kinds of degrees can I study for in Sweden?
With rare exceptions, all tuition fees in higher education in Sweden are subsidized by the government. This applies to foreign as well as Swedish students. Higher education is fully financed by the state, a system common to many European countries. You will still have to cover living expenses. After three years of successful full-time studies, a student at a Swedish university or university colleges can receive a kandidatexamen, the nearest equivalent to an American bachelor’s degree. After one or two additional years of specialized studies, the student can receive a Degree of Master (One Year) or a Degree of Master (Two Years), the nearest equivalent to an American master’s degree. If a student opts to do advanced studies or research, they can receive a Licenciatexamen after an additional two years of full-time study or a Doktorsexamen after a minimum of four years. A Doktorsexamen is a PhD.
Do I need a visa to study in Sweden?
"Yes Every student must need a student visa before enter to Sweden. These are the visa requirements:-
Student must be able to show that they have been granted university/college admission in Sweden
Student must study full-time
Student must be able to show that they have enough money to support themselves throughout the planned study period. Proof that they can support themselves must be provided, e g in the form of some kind of documentation certifying their own or their sponsor's bank assets, a letter of guarantee from their sponsor, or documentation certifying that they have received either a scholarship or student benefit from their country of origin/domicile. They are required to show that they will have SEK 6,300/month at their disposal for 10 months/year. If they can show that you will be receiving free board and lodging, for instance, this sum is reduced
Student must fully intend to leave Sweden on completion of your studies."
Study in Switzerland
How can I study in Switzerland?
"If you plan to study in Switzerland, you will need to know the details of all the Swiss institutions of higher learning to decide where to apply. Don't forget that English is not one of Switzerland's national languages, so only a restricted number of courses are taught in it. If you don't speak German, French or Italian, you should be sure to ask about the language of instruction.
If you want to study at a private college, you should check its credentials before paying any money. If in doubt, enquire at your local Swiss embassy or consulate.
You are not allowed to finance your studies through work, although you can normally work to earn extra money. There are restrictions on the number of hours you are allowed to do this; the precise rules depend on the canton."
Do I have to know German, French or Italian for studying in Switzerland? How can I get a visa, and how long does it take?
While for programmes imparted in English you will only be requested to have good proficiency in English, for some other courses proficiency in one the Swiss official languages might be a pre-requisite. Please check with the Universities’ webpages.
Once you are accepted from a Swiss University, you need to request a visa through the Swiss representations in India. For visa-related information, please refer to the Visa webpage of the Swiss representation in India.
Where and how do I apply for studies and PHDs in Switzerland? Is my degree sufficient for getting admitted in a Swiss University, or do I need to go through an entrance test?
In Switzerland, there is no centralized system of application for foreign students, so you need to apply direclty to the University you are interested in. We recommend you to check admission requirements provided on the Universities’ websites in the first place, and for additional information to contact the Universities’ administration. Please note that the registration process generally takes several months, so it is better if you begin the procedure well before the date you intend to start your studies.
Since there are slightly different admission requirements across Swiss Universities, the best way to verify whether your degree is accepted and if you need to go through an entrance test is to check the regulations of the University you are interested in, which are generally available on the Internet.
Is there any large Indian community in Switzerland? Can I stay in Switzerland after completion of my studies?
In some Swiss cities there is a strong presence of Indian nationals, and in higher education institutions it would be exceptional if you don’t stumble on one of your compatriots. Swiss Universities are a favourite destination of international students, and offer a multicultural environment.
As a general rule, if you receive support from a Swiss University for further studies, or from a private business for working in Switzerland, you are eligible for extending your stay in Switzerland.
How much does it cost to study in Switzerland and can I work part-time while studying in Switzerland?
As a rule of the thumb, you will need between CHF 18,000 and 28,000 per year (between around Rs 6.5 to 10 lakhs) for studying in Switzerland depending to the location of the university and personal demands. This amount covers housing, food, clothing, health insurance, and some leisure activities. Annual tuition fees at Swiss Universities range around CHF 1,200 (Rs 44,000) While in Switzerland, you will be able to apply for part-time working permit. The procedure generally needs the support of the University and you will need to get permission from the specific Swiss Canton (the equivalent of a state in India) in which you are studying.
What is the academic year in Switzerland? How can I get a scholarship to study in Switzerland?
The academic year is divided into two semesters. The first semester of the academic year (“autumn semester”) spans from around the mid of September to the end of December; whereas the second semester (“spring semester”) is extends from around mid-February to beginning of June. The Swiss Government grants university scholarships to foreign students who have graduated from university or, to a limited extent, university of applied sciences or advanced arts programmes. Detailed information on the application requirements for the scholarships, the relevant countries, and how to apply are provided by the State Secretariat for Education and Research.
USA - The Application Process
THE APPLICATION PROCESS
The application to a college in the US is an attempt on the part of the applicant to project his/her eligibility to the course. It provides the applicant an opportunity to examine him/her and to communicate his attributes in a compelling and convincing manner.
APPLYING FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDY
Undergraduate schools are flooded with applications from students for the limited number of seats they can offer. Hence most colleges follow a procedure which they hope would lead them to offer the seats to just the right candidates. Their intention is to make the campus an enriching experience for all who study there.
The application process requires the applicant to -
- be informed about all aspects of the college/courses ;
- short list 10 to 15 institutions considered most appropriate on the basis of tips given earlier for choosing a college/course ;
- communicate with short listed universities for detailed information about the program, curriculum, campus, etc. ;
- study the information brochure and booklets sent by the admissions office as requested through the pre-application form ;
- Apply to short listed universities.
This obviously is a lengthy process. Each communication may take almost 4-5 weeks. The process of applying must, therefore, begin at least 16 months before you actually want to go. The record sheet given on the next page should help you scan and record information about universities.
Students planning to apply for undergraduate study must prepare all documents required for applying. These can be photocopied for applying to different universities.
Pre-application forms
The pre-application form or a request for application is used to request information from a university/college/community college/technical college/pre professional school. These are available at the USEFI offices located in Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai. The form provides adequate information to the institution to help it provide application materials to you if you are eligible. The form has space for graduate students to describe their past work experience and expectations from the program they wish to join.
Students who cannot get such forms may alternatively request information through a letter enumerating which courses they wish to take, their educational background, information about standardized tests if taken etc. On receipt of such a letter of request or the pre-application, universities mail out admissions material to the students who fulfill the basic eligibility criteria laid down by the university.
When you have received information from a number of universities, it is logical to organize the information received for ready reference. The record sheet will help you while you scan through prospectuses of various colleges or a college guide book.
Several university websites will have application forms which can be down loaded and you can apply on line.
Preliminary applications
These are more detailed than pre-applications. Some colleges require international applicants to complete these. The preliminary application sent with prospectus of the college helps admission officers find out whether or not you will be a likely candidate before you go through the more complicated process of completing the final application form.
The preliminary application requests basic information and may also ask for a brief statement of your goals, particularly why you feel the school would be a good place for you and how you would contribute to life on campus. If the admission officer finds that your goals, abilities and general background are what that particular college is looking for, you will get a final application to complete. You must return this application immediately. Unfavorable opinions too are communicated.
The final application
The application usually has 3 main areas.
The academic profile which consists of school leaving exam transcripts as well as the standardized test scores
The personal profile which includes statement of purpose, personal information data and personal statement
Supporting documents, such as, letters of recommendation transcripts, bank statement of financial status, etc.
The application process involves a number of steps to be taken simultaneously for completion of all formalities.
Academic profiles provide evidence of the applicants’ potentialities to cope with academic work at a USA university. Transcripts supported by a detailed profile of the school, the curriculum, evaluation and grading process help the admissions staff get acquainted with the applicants’ background. Description of academic and extracurricular environment is also helpful. Test scores, recommendations and application fee complete the application.
The application process is often delayed when all essential information is not included. Name must be spelt in the same way each time, information of past and present education with exam results, financial resources, scores on admission tests and other details asked in the form must be complete.
Complete the final application and give all the required information and documents which the college has requested as quickly as possible. Keep copies of all documents and the application form with you for future reference. When a college receives your application on time with all the required supporting documents, they can review and evaluate the same well on time. A candidate's chance of being offered admission improves and gives extra time to the university to provide additional information if it is requested.
Most application forms have similar sections. They begin by getting you to fill in your personal data. Personal data includes your identification details: name, age, sex, information about the family, address, etc. While giving these details remember to be consistent, clear, legible and correct. All forms also have a section seeking information about the course of study you intend to take, the department you wish to enroll in and the year you wish to enter.
Another set of entries on the application forms are regarding academic records. Undergraduate applicants need to give a summary of academic performance at the secondary school, i.e., from IX to XII classes. You may append a separate sheet since the space provided may not always be sufficient. Work out your academic profile giving details of school, class, subjects studied and marks obtained. It is useful to give the marking scheme of the school or Board where possible. In another note you may give details of your class size, section size and highest and lowest scores to help the admissions committee interpret your scores in various subjects at school.
Outstanding academic achievements, awards as well as co curricular performance and achievements are of special interest to the admissions committee. It’s almost like writing your bio-data of special achievements. You may, if you have been exceptional, begin even from primary school. Give in sequential order your achievements, awards, positions held during school years and finally if you are part of the student self Government, give details.
The crucial decision rests on the application
The success of applying to a USA university largely depends on the presentation. Presentation implies style, neatness, orderliness and above all clarity and honest appraisals. You may find yourself answering similar questions a number of times; so do stick to the truth. If you want to find a college or university that is able to meet your needs, it is very important for you to be completely honest and sincere in the information you provide to them.
Begin by reading the application and information that you have received from each school carefully. You will understand the school's mission, philosophy, and educational goals. Once you know what a specific college is looking for, you will have some idea of what aspects of your own background and goals you need to project as you prepare your application. Admission officers will also attempt to determine how your abilities, goals, and interests match with what they have to offer, and what kind of contributions you might be able to make to the college and its students. While you should present yourself in the best possible way with evidence of whatever you say, you should not give incorrect information. Admission office can usually make out when an application statement does not sound like the truth, and it is legally wrong.
Most colleges are looking for a varied student population that comes from many backgrounds and represents many different academic interests and personal qualities. In your personal statement you may stress the unique experience you will bring to the school by being an international student.
Personal statement
A personal statement is an essay an applicant writes about himself or herself in which he/she makes an attempt to communicate personal attributes in a compelling manner. Writing a personal statement needs lots of thinking, discussing, planning, writing and revising. All this is time consuming. You cannot make up an essay. You have to be explicit, honest, clear and above all just yourself. The admissions committee is particularly keen to know about your life your special interests and your reasons for going to the USA. Each university admissions committee is keen on making the campus an interesting one and if your personal statement tells them exactly this, you are perhaps in, if all other requirements have been met.
You need to follow the instructions while writing a personal statement. If a word limit is given, follow it and be precise. If the space is not enough, attach another sheet. The personal profile is not intended to reflect complete confidence or certainty of the future or part but given the applicant a chance to say `I am here look at me'.
Writing a personal statement normally takes both time and conscious effort. The outline asks for your hobbies, goals, interests. These leading statements are kept vague deliberately to impel each applicant to be original. The personal statement must be written organized, revised, discussed and then rewritten keeping style in mind. These exercises give you an opportunity to organize your thoughts, priorities, clarify your goals and examine your interests. Writing skill being vital to academic progress your essay must be carefully worded and your expressions must be clear, simple and communicative.
The writing of a personal statement though not quite easy, certainly clarifies ideas about you. It is not uncommon to find students who begin with a poor self-image, the process of talking to parents, friends, and teachers helps in generating a positive self-image. It is good to think about all you have done over the past few years. Try and look at your changing self: have you changed in the past few months!!!Define the kind of personal qualities you have. Do you like to manage, lead or are you happy with project work, computers, etc!!
Personal statement must fulfill the following objectives:
- It should be able to tell the admissions committee why you are special and not just typical
- It must give evidence of what you have stated
- It must be explicit, e.g., what you have gained from community activities, how you overcame bitter experience, etc.
- Letters of reference or recommendations
The admissions committee is interested in knowing you well enough to make a decision about offering admission to you. The application form has a separate section for asking about your background, education, academic performance. You give a self profile through your personal statement also. Another way to know more about you is through others. People who have known you as a student and as a person can write a letter of reference. The principal, counselor and teachers can write freely about what they think of you and may recommend you to the admissions committee. Before you ask for any letters of reference, it is a good idea to explain your academic goals to them. Recommending authority should know you well enough to reflect on your capabilities. If there are any negative facts they have noticed, it would be right on their part to be truthful probably explaining the reasons for the same. Most schools give a rating list to recommending authorities and guidelines for them to follow when writing recommendations.
Financial aid application
University admission offices are flooded with request for financial support. To be eligible the following documents must be enclosed with the application:
- Financial Aid Form.
- The need of financial support statement.
- Statement of finances.
- Bank statement.
When applying for financial aid you will have to decide how much you can afford to pay. Students may afford to pay for one semester, one year or may need full financial support. If you anticipate no financial aid and you can pay for one semester then you may fill up the form as a self supporting applicant.
APPLYING FOR GRADUATE STUDY
Admission to a graduate course in USA is after 16 years of education. Indian applicants who have a B A/B Sc. or B Com. Degree have taken these in 3 years time. They would best complete a postgraduate course before they can apply. Academic programs pursued along with a graduate degree which have been accredited by All India Council of Technical Education such as a professional diploma in Computing or a Diploma in Engineering are recognized for admission to a graduate program. High achievers at the undergraduate level who wish to continue their graduate study in the US may begin to apply during the final year of under graduation. Professional degree holders, however, who have studied for their degree for 4 years and more, can apply. Most graduate schools require high scholastic performance, standardized test scores; English proficiency test score, proof of adequate financial support, etc.
Graduate applications are compiled and evaluated by the office of admissions which are then reviewed in the concerned department. The application is considered for the year in which admissions are being conducted. Request for deferred admission may mean reapplying and payment of additional fees. Most USA universities need evidence of satisfactory completion of college or university. Like the undergraduate application, a graduate application must include complete set of transcripts of secondary school and college. These should be in English. Generally an undergraduate degree with a `B average' is expected.
Standardized test scores, i.e., GRE scores are required for those applying for any subject related to Humanities, Commerce or Science, Mathematics, Engineering, Architecture courses etc. Details of the test have been given earlier. For MBA, GMAT score is required. All graduate schools will require your TOEFL scores too. Universities sometimes use English Language test scores to help them decide financial awards for graduate applicants. There are teaching fellowships or assistantship awards which are given on the basis of scores on test of spoken English (TSE). These awards may be granted on an exceptionally brilliant TOEFL score, e.g., 600+. The award provides benefits such as reduced tuition fee, health insurance, etc. Re-evaluation of English proficiency is required on campus before registration if TOEFL score was less than 600 or TWE score is missing or is below 4.
General requirements for graduate study
The master's degree - Many students study the same subject for graduation which they had majored in at the undergraduate level. When a student wishes to pursue studies in a different subject he may be asked to complete undergraduate course work in the US in that subject without earning any credits to make up for academic deficiencies. A master’s degree is generally for a year but usually takes 2 years to complete. MBA requires 4 semesters to complete.
Doctorate degree - In USA a doctorate degree is the highest academic qualification. Doctorate degrees include research, course work, exams, dissertation and all this takes a minimum of 3 years or even more to complete.
Request for application material
Applying to a graduate school may be slightly different from the undergraduate application procedure. You may write a letter requesting information from the graduate admissions advisor or e-mail your request for information. The information packet will give you the course descriptions, resources and size of the department, addresses and phone numbers, faculty and specialties they cover, publications, research work in progress, requirements, scholarships/fellowships, deadlines etc. An applicant to graduate course is expected to assess in terms of his personal interests what the department is offering. Since at this level you will work in a specialized area and some universities are specialists in that area, you may request application material from them. When doing so it is important for you to give your qualifications in detail, your proposed plan for study and whether you are looking for a masters' or a doctorate degree.
Graduate application form
The graduate application includes a section on educational experience and work experience. When applying it is presumed that a graduate student is well aware of his study goals. The application form has provision to give clear description of the academic work you have carried out, the courses you have taken, time spent and extent of coverage. GRE scores, letters of recommendation from professors and your academic profile help them to understand how you would fit into their program. At the graduate level experience of publications, research projects, departmental assistantship, are valuable inputs for the admissions committee.
Statement of purpose
Graduate applications must carry your statement of purpose which will tell the admission office of your academic experience and goals. This statement must explain that your interests match the program you seek to enter, your pursuits in this area and projections about your future aspirations.
Letters of recommendation or reference
If institutions request letters of recommendation, ask two or three people to write letters on your behalf. The college or university will specify the number of letters to be submitted. Those you ask to serve as references should be people who hold respected positions and who know you and your academic work well. Present or former teachers, professors or employers are possible choices. For recommendation letters to be effective, they should contain insights into your seriousness of purpose, academic promise, motivation, adaptability, personality and character. For graduate students, statements about research ability, as well as preparation and promise in the specific field, are necessary. Recommendations which give an honest appraisal of your capabilities—weak points as well as strong points—are much more convincing to U.S. admissions officers (and therefore more valuable) than general letters of extreme praise. These letters should be in English, or accompanied by a translation. If a form is provided by the college or university, it must be used. To guarantee candor and confidentiality, it is essential that evaluations be mailed directly to the admissions officer of the admitting institution, without having been read by the applicant. As a courtesy, give each person a stamped airmail envelope addressed to the institution. Write in the lower left hand corner of the envelope "Re: Application of (your name)."
Evidence of financial resources
Admissions officers will not issue the certificates needed to request a visa for study in the United States until they are satisfied that you have enough money, from whatever sources, to cover all expenses during the period of stay in the United States. Most institutions require that you submit statements of detailed information on the amounts and sources of funds available to pay your educational and living expenses while in the US. The financial part of the application for graduate study has application of assistantships which will require well known references and evidence of undergraduate GPA and previous experience. If you can afford financing yourself for the first semester then enroll as a self financing student. This will enhance your admission to prestigious universities.
INTERVIEWS
For making a final decision before an offer is made to an applicant many universities prefer to meet the student. The college representative could be an admission officer or a college alumni residing in the applicants country or region. Some universities may even send their representatives abroad to meet prospective students from other parts of the world. The interview arranged by the university serves two purposes: It gives an opportunity to the applicant to learn more about the institution. The interviewer also gets first hand information about your abilities, goals, interests etc. The interviews are informal and provide an opportunity for exchange of information.
Caution needs to be taken when the interviewer is not a representative, staff, faculty or alumni but a third party. These third party recruiters may promise admission before your application has been screened by the university admission office. This does not speak highly of the college and the standard may not be what you expect of a USA college. You should make enquiries before making a final decision concerning your application.
On receiving decisions from the colleges, an applicant is expected to confirm or decline offer of admission. On confirmation you have to make a deposit ($50 - $500) to guarantee and retain the offer within the stipulated deadlines.
Some universities also prepare a waiting list for applicants who they approve for recruitment but cannot offer a place. Universities expect your response to such offers too.
USA - Degrees and Courses
Degree or associate diploma
Undergraduate studies are generally of 4 years duration. Associate degrees are for 2 years. Students may choose to begin undergraduate study in a 4 year college or university or they may take an academic transfer program offered by a 2-year community or junior college and then transfer to a university. An undergraduate degree course in its first two years is of a general nature and combines the study of humanities, social and natural sciences and arts. In the final 2 years emphasis is laid on the `majors' a student has selected. Each year of college bears a special name, e.g., the first year is the `freshman's year', the second year is called the `sophomore' year then comes `junior' and finally `senior'. In each year a stipulated number of credits have to be earned to proceed to the next year.
Choosing a major for a degree
A major is the subject pursued in great depth in college. One-quarter to two-thirds of the course covers that subject. At most colleges and universities, students complete a required number of courses in their major in order to earn a Bachelor of Arts (BA) or a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree. There are majors available in traditional disciplines such as Physics or History, in new areas such as Environment Studies or Asian Studies, in career fields such as Physical Therapy and Nursing. Choices are rather wide.
Choice of the major and college - No college, not even the largest university, offers every major; some offer relatively few. You can keep many options open by attending a university or college that offers a wide range of majors.
Some large universities are divided into `colleges' and students apply for admission to a specific college, e.g., of architecture, engineering, liberal arts, business. When applying to an institution with separate admissions requirements for different colleges, you will need to decide on your major by the time you apply. If you decide to change the major later, it may be difficult for you to transfer from one college to another.
The major and future careers - Majors may be directly related to careers, e.g., architecture, civil engineering, physiotherapy, nursing, etc. These majors require students to take more intensive courses in the major and few general courses. Some of these majors lead to licensing exams at the end of college that enable graduates to practice the profession they have trained in.
Liberal arts majors provide a broad base of knowledge which can be applied to such diverse fields as business, education, journalism, politics, public administration, etc.
Many colleges offer combined courses in liberal arts and career majors. These majors often take five years to complete, but students emerge with a liberal arts degree and professional training in a field such as engineering, business, forestry, or other fields.
Most careers need people who can think critically, communicate effectively, and continue to learn. Perhaps the best preparation for any career is to work hard at your chosen major, and to take challenging electives and liberal arts courses.
Pre professional programs - Law, medical, dental, and business schools accept students from any major. For entrance into medical or dental school, students must complete five year science and math courses and study English composition. Premedical students have to choose appropriate science courses. Law schools do not have any special requirements. Graduate business schools require five or six semester courses in Economics, Calculus, and Statistics and prefer a broad and challenging curriculum.
In general, the best preparation for professional school is a rigorous course in a liberal arts curriculum, with an emphasis on developing strong analytical skills.
Many students are scared of making wrong decisions. While in college you can change your mind. If you feel you are on the wrong track with your chosen major, you may take a second major. Whatever the major you study what really matters is intellectual flexibility that enables you to work productively when the knowledge you have mastered is challenged or replaced by new ideas. Study within the major must provide opportunities for learning how to ask questions and to create and use sound evidence to answer those questions. The chosen field contributes to the general knowledge and helps you to enjoy your education more fully. And that really is what higher education abroad is all about.
Liberal arts courses
All undergraduate courses have 25 to 50 per cent of courses in liberal arts subjects. Liberal arts courses impart general education and intend to develop in an individual, ability to think, reason, reach conclusions based on relevant data, and communicate those conclusions effectively to others. Originally, the liberal arts courses taught grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy. Now, the term refers to courses in the humanities, i.e., literature and philosophy, history, foreign languages, social sciences, mathematics, and natural sciences. These disciplines help to develop general knowledge and reasoning ability. The social sciences subjects such as anthropology, psychology, economics, government, linguistics, sociology deals with human nature and society. Natural Science subjects such as astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, physics measure and observe natural phenomena. Arts subjects study the various forms people use to express themselves. By studying liberal arts, students learn about the ways of thinking and understanding the world.
Most colleges focus on liberal arts during first and second years helping students to explore, develop and discover interests. It gives them time to crystallize study goals.
Choosing a major is important enough to be taken seriously, but it is not irrevocable. It is a choice which can be made tentatively and tested several times over. A major can be changed as late as senior year and you could still graduate on schedule. You may decide to choose two majors to graduate with a double major.
When to decide
Most four-year colleges do not require students to formally declare (choose) a major until the end of their second or beginning of their junior year. The undergraduate curriculum gives time for the study of elective courses in addition to required courses. Electives are often used to sample various majors.
Selection of courses though initiated during the application process itself, students get further guidance for selection of courses by faculty advisors. They are guided on essential and elective courses. Each semester fresh enrollment takes place for new courses. Generally 15 to 18 hours are spent each week on class instruction, lab work, etc., and 4-5 hours on self-study and preparations for class.
CREDIT SYSTEM
When a student takes a course, he has to fulfill the credit hours requirement to complete the course, i.e., he has to spend a certain number of hours in class each week and generally follow it up with stipulated amount of self-study.
Course `credits' have to be accumulated while working for a degree. Instruction is divided into units called courses and to earn a degree, students must successfully complete a required number of courses. These courses are assigned `credits'. One class hour a week for one semester gives one credit. An average undergraduate has to take almost four or even five courses, i.e., he must earn 12 to 16 credits after a semester. Every foreign student has to take a full course of study. Each credit is granted only when a student has attended all classes and laboratories and has completed all assignments and taken all exams.
EVALUATION SYSTEM
Evaluation is based on performance in classroom discussion, research papers, written assignments and final examinations.
At the graduate level grades are based on written work, oral examination and substantially on research work. Students get grades for each course after completing the semester. These grades are based on class participation, mid-term exams, lab work, term papers, class tests and quizzes, final exams.
Grade-point average (GPA) or ratio is a standard formula used by almost all colleges and universities, particularly in the US for evaluating the overall performance of students.
'Grade points' are evaluated by first multiplying the number of hours (units, credit, or credit hours) assigned for a course by the numerical value of the grade and then dividing the sum of all grade points by the total number of hours.
The most common system of numerical value for grades on a 4.0 scale is A = 4, B=3, C=2, D=1, and E or F=0. A is Superior, B is Good, C is below average, and F is failed. The values assigned to each letter grade may differ at some schools.
There are per-programmed calculators available on websites like www.usnews.com which can help you calculate your GPA.
INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS
Here is a brief description of teaching methods in USA which is broadly similar to teaching methods in Canada, Australia, UK and New Zealand. A class session is generally of 50 minutes duration assigned to a professor for 2 to 3 times a week. A group of 20 or 30 students attend these classes where the professor lectures and often supplements small group discussions under leadership of assistant instructors. This is generally the case in large class groups. In smaller groups lecture and discussions proceed simultaneously. In the final year, i.e., 4th year of undergraduate instruction, to stimulate the learning process, the professor may encourage independent study followed by seminars where he is a moderator or facilitator. Often courses combine classroom teaching with field study and laboratory work. Laboratory periods normally are scheduled once or twice a week. Libraries are equipped with reference material as well as reserve collections for specific subjects.
SELECTING A PROGRAM & UNIVERSITY
Choosing an undergraduate course & university and choosing the right school is perhaps one of the most important steps in the process of studying in USA. Since the number of undergraduate schools is very large, making a choice is not quite easy. A number of factors have to be considered. Here are some guidelines.
Selecting a subject - The first step is to decide which subject you wish to study. It is not unusual to encounter students who are unsure of their preferences. Admission to a USA college does not get restricted on this account since the undergraduate courses require you to decide your majors in the last 2 years of study. During freshman and sophomore years a student can decide what he/she wishes to major in. Subjects once chosen can be changed during the 3rd year. The decision about the subject when you begin applying becomes pertinent because it relates to which universities you would like to apply. If you wish to study engineering, perhaps your list may be different from the list where you have decided to study psychology.
Private versus public schools - There is a choice between private and public schools. Each of the 50 States funds at least one State university and many State colleges. State schools often have the word `State' in their names. Since public schools are aided by the State Government, tuition costs are less. A student who enrolls in a public or state school will pay less than anyone who is enrolled in a private school. Students who belong to the State where the school is located pay lesser than out of State students. However, in terms of financial aid, it is the private schools which have more financial aid available for international applicants. Hence you may like to consider your academic standing as well as financial resources before you decide to go to a public or private school.
There are a growing number of privately owned schools and colleges in USA whose major objectives are financial profit. They generally have technical and paraprofessional (vocational) courses. Many Indian students are attracted to these colleges on easy financial terms and simple application procedures. It may be pertinent to warn students that such schools often make unsubstantiated claims about what they do. Students should investigate carefully before they plan to join such a school. There are, however, reputed private schools which may not be accredited. However, it may be best to give preference to accredited schools only.
4-year colleges or 2-year community colleges or 2-year `junior' colleges - 4-year colleges offer undergraduate degrees in a host of disciplines while 2-year colleges or community colleges offer technical/vocational courses. There is a choice between a 2-year college and a 4-year college after class XII. 2-year colleges allow transfer to 4-year degree courses and credits accrued during a 2-year course can be transferred to the degree course. Students with average academic credentials find it easier to get admitted in a 2-year course and not perhaps in a 4-year course. The former are generally `taught' courses while the latter may be partially research based. 2-year `junior' colleges award an Associate's Degree and admit high school graduates (XII). 2-year college graduates usually transfer to 4-year colleges or universities to complete an undergraduate degree.
Large or small school - Another consideration an international applicant needs to make is: would he/she like to study in a small or a large school? The size of a school in the USA can range from one with 1,000 students to those with over 20,000 students. The smaller schools have small class groups with smaller teacher pupil ratio. In larger schools the student population is diverse but the large numbers imply larger class groups and a bigger teacher pupil ratio. Larger schools often provide better facilities and hence attract more students.
Accredited schools - Of utmost concern to an international applicant is the question of what is the schools accredition. Government grants recognition to universities. The government, however, does not have the responsibility to grant recognition instead it is the colleges or universities which must undergo the process of review. Regional accredition and professional accredition are two types of review, which establishes the authenticity of any institution. If you study in an accredited institution you can take a transfer to another school and apply for admission to higher degrees after completing a first degree.
Costs - Budget constraints may also restrict choice of a school. Most schools do not offer financial assistance to international students for undergraduate courses. Even for graduate study financial aid is rarely available in the first year of study. Working in USA is not allowed generally when you are on a student visa.
Entry requirements - In the US schools also differ in terms of entry criteria. Some only look at academic performance and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) scores while others need Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) I and II scores along with TOEFL and academic credentials. It is wise to realistically assess your academic performance and even if they are good you should apply to some moderately competitive schools also. Most schools get a very large number of applications for few places which they can offer to international students.
What you must know about your degree/certificate before you begin applying -
In India we have the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the Indian School Certificate Examination (ISCE) and State Boards. We have our open schools and vocational streams. When you are applying as a CBSE student, you must understand and be able to interpret to the university your course work, the level of study, the duration of study and your grades. The ISCE is akin to the British school system and is better understood in the US. In the ISCE system certain courses are offered at an advanced level for `A' levels, e.g., you could have done an advanced level mathematics or physics. Your advanced level study of subject may win you credits so that you could be exempted from the first year of study and taken into the 2nd year in some universities. Regional Board courses are not too familiar to most universities. You may have to explain to them the course work in relation to the CBSE which they are perhaps more familiar with.
Choosing graduate courses
In USA graduate study is analogous to our post graduate education which is taken after a bachelor's degree. After graduation there are advanced degree programs, doctoral programs and post doctoral programs. Graduation can normally be completed in 2 years. This, however, depends on the course curriculum. Doctoral programs may take 3 years or more.
Graduate programs in the US are equivalent to our post graduate degree courses and are offered after 16 years of education. When selecting graduate school besides the basic concerns of location, school size and cost other factors which will need consideration are:-
- You will need to be very clear and specific about your goals, i.e., the field of study, research inclinations, etc. Enquiries about the courses can be ascertained from professionals, academia, periodicals, journals and the internet to find out where research of your interest is going on and who the people are involved in work. Most graduate schools would take on people who have genuine interest in the field they have applied for. Financial assistance depends largely on the type of funds granted for research work in any department. Assistantships are available on the basis of such research grants.
- When choosing a graduate course it is important to review TOEFL and GRE scores accepted in the past and the undergraduate GPA requirement. Most graduate schools which are professionally accredited would have facilities such as laboratory, computers, and library and could make provisions for practical training and internships.
- Graduate study leads to masters and doctoral work. A master's degree takes one or two years of full time study and doctoral degrees are normally for 3 years.
- Professional first degrees is medicine, law, dentistry are earned after completing the bachelor's degree. The duration is generally 3 years after undergraduate study and the admission is through competitive tests.
