UK - Admission Requirements and English Proficiency Test for entry into Higher Education Institutions

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS AND ENGLISH PROFICIENCY TEST:


EVALUATION OF INDIAN EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR ENTRY TO HIGHER EDUCATION SERVICES:

The evaluation in Britain as given by the National Academic Recognition Centre is as follows:

Secondary school certificates awarded on completion of standard X

Matriculation Certificate, Secondary School Certificate, All India Secondary School Certificate, Indian Certificate of Secondary Education are generally considered to be below GCSE standard.

Higher secondary school certificates awarded on completion of standards XI or XII

Indian School Certificate (ISC), Intermediate Certificate, Higher School Certificate (HSC), Higher Secondary Certificate, All India Senior School Certificate if awarded at Standard XI, may be considered to approach GCSE standard. If awarded at Standard XII, is considered comparable to GCSE standard (grades A, B and C) on a subject-for-subject basis. Students with excellent results in the standard XII examinations of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), and the Indian Council School Examinations (ICSE), and other State Boards are considered for admission to undergraduate courses in all universities except Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College and London School of Economics. A good aggregate at CBSE is above 75% aggregate.

Higher education

Bachelor of Arts/Science/Commerce may be considered to satisfy the general entrance requirements of British higher education institutions.

Bachelor degree (when awarded from a central university or a university with departments recognized as centers of advanced study) and Bachelor of Science/Engineering/Technology degrees are generally considered comparable to British Bachelor (Ordinary) degree. Exceptionally bright students with very high grades may be considered for admission to postgraduate study.

Bachelor of Science/Engineering/Technology (when awarded from an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) or the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore) is generally considered comparable to British Bachelor (Honors) degree standard.

Master of Arts/Science/Commerce is generally considered comparable to British (Ordinary) degree standard. Students with very high grades may be considered for admission to postgraduate study.

Master degree when awarded from a central university and from the Universities of Mumbai, Chennai and Osmania and Master of Science/Engineering /Technology are generally considered comparable to British Bachelor (Honors) degree standard.

Master of Technology/Science (Engineering) when awarded from an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore or a university with departments recognized as Centers of Advanced Study are generally considered comparable to British Master degree standard.


GCE and GCSE FOR STUDENTS OUTSIDE BRITAIN

Overseas students wishing to take GCE (or GCSE) examinations can study in their own country and take the examinations in an overseas centre nominated by the concerned university board The GCSE examination offered in schools in Britain is generally not available overseas because of its emphasis on practical work and continuous assessment. The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate has developed an International GCSE (IGCSE) which is available in a growing number of centers overseas. The examination boards are also continuing to offer GCE O-level for students overseas. GCE O-level and IGCSE are recognized worldwide.

GCE and IGCSE examinations in India

The British Council Division (BCD) of the British High Commission in India provides facilities to take GCE examinations of the University of London Examinations and Assessment Council (ULEAC), twice a year in January and June, at its four regional centers in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. In certain circumstances arrangements are made for students to take the examinations for the GCE Boards of other universities also. These are:

• Associated Examining Board, Stag Hill House, Guilford, Surrey, GV2 5XJ
• Oxford Delegacy of Local Examinations, Ewart Place, Summer town Oxford OX 2782
• Cambridge University Local Examination Syndicate, Hills Road Cambridge CBI 2EU.

The British Council Division does not provide tuition for the examinations. The following are a few guidelines for candidates intending to study for GCE examinations in India.

Government of India permission - Indian nationals can take the examinations only on receipt of written permission from the Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development. Application for permission should be addressed to:

The Under Secretary, Ministry of Human Resource Development, (Department of Education), U-3 Section, Shastri Bhavan, New Delhi - 110 001

Such permission is normally granted to the following:

• Candidates whose mother or father (or both) is a foreign national
• Candidates whose parents are in diplomatic service, or in any other business or service that involves living abroad for considerable periods of time at a stretc
• Candidates who have received part of their education abroad and find it difficult to switch over to courses available in India
• Candidates who wish to go to Britain for a course which is not available in India

Government of India permission is necessary only for Indian residents in India.

Subjects - It is not possible for British Council offices to conduct examinations in all O and A-level subjects. Students should therefore enquire from the respective centers to find out if the subjects they wish to take are offered, particularly if subjects involve practical examinations.

Examination fees - Two types of examination fees are payable:

• University fees, to be paid in pounds sterling by banker's draft drawn on a London bank
• Local fees, to be paid in rupees by banker's draft.

Details of fees can be obtained from the British Council offices.

Regulations and syllabuses - Copies of the "Regulations and Syllabuses" can be obtained from the University of London School Examinations Board, Publications Department, 50 Gordon Square, London WCI OPJ. Copies are also available for consultation in the British Council Libraries. Photocopies of relevant sections of the syllabuses can be made.

Entry Form - Entry forms and instructions for January examinations are generally available from British Council offices in early August of the preceding year. For June examinations they are available by the end of November of the preceding year. The completed entry form should be returned by the first week of September for January examinations and the last week of December for June examinations. Entry forms and detailed instructions can be obtained by writing directly to the British Council Division offices.

Coaching - The British Council Division does not provide coaching for GCE examinations. A number of schools, including those listed below; currently prepare students for these examinations.

• The British School [IGCSE and A-Level],Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110 021
• Calcutta International School,18 Lee Road, Calcutta - 700 020
• Woodstock School(O and A-Levels), Mussorie - 248 179, UP
• Hebron School ;Washington Hall, Ootacamund - 642 001[run courses for GCSE with 3 British examining boards but not the University of London]
• Mussoorie International School; Mussorie - 248179, UP.[IGCSE and A-Level]
• New Era School, Panchgani - 421 805; Maharashtra [O-Level]

The Council for the Accreditation of Correspondence Colleges lists six accredited colleges that offer the GCE `A' level courses through correspondence. When corresponding with these colleges the candidate is advised to specify the examination board, e.g., University of London Examinations and Assessment Council

• The Civil Service Correspondence School, Ware, Herts SG12 9
• Henley College Home study Unit
• Henley College Coventry, Henley Road, Bell Green, Coventry CV2 IED
• Mercers College, Ware, Herts SG12 9B
• National Extension College, 18 Brook-lands Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2H
• The Open Learning Centre, 24 King Street, Carmarthen, DYFED SA31 1B
• The Rapid Results College,Tuition House, 27/37 St George's Road, London SW19 4DS

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Universities and Colleges in UK are independent institutions which do not depend on the Government for entry regulations. Each is free to decide which overseas qualification it would recognize. The National Academic Recognition Centre at Manchester has worked out equivalence's for the purpose of setting guidelines. There is, however, no automatic equivalence between British and Indian or other qualifications but they generally refer to established equivalence standards.

Students from India will find that their school leaving certificates are regarded as the approximate equivalent of GCSE's and that they may be required to take the `A' level exams, if their AISSCE aggregate is less than 75%, to be able to apply to most British institutions.



English language courses

Entry is flexible and offered on the basis of previous ability.

Boarding schools and colleges

Independent schools admit students at the ages of 7, 11, 13, or 16. For entry at 11 or 13 years students have to take the Common Entrance Examination. Schools admitting students for 'A' levels may take a Maths and English Test (for international students)

Career based courses

GNVG courses and vocational 'A' levels require 4-5 GCSE. HND requires 'A' levels or equivalent qualification (see next section) work experience/drawing portfolio may be required for practical courses.

Degree courses

3 'A' levels

Entry requirements for undergraduate courses

Students in UK are admitted to universities on the basis of their GCSE and GCE grades. They have to meet the general entrance requirements, i.e., pass grades in 5 GCSE subjects with two at least at A. Pass in 4 and `A' in 3 are also accepted. Very often pass in English, Maths/Science is expected. Many universities find 3 A passes acceptable. Since 1989 all universities consider 2 AS subjects as equivalent to one A subject.

In terms of course requirements specific subjects are desirable. For subjects such as education, politics and social studies and law AS levels are required as course requirements. While AS levels may not fulfill course requirements for medicine, mathematics etc., other acceptable qualifications are the International Baccalaureate which some international schools offer in India.

International Baccalaureate, an alternative to `A' levels, is a 2-year course. It covers a wider range of subjects than `A' levels. Study of 6 subjects including 2 languages (native and second language) is required.


Address for reference:

International Baccalaureate office, University of London, Institute of Education 18 Wabtern Square, London - WCIH ONS.

In UK, Business and Technology Education awards, higher national certificate (HNC) and higher national diplomas are also accepted by universities. In Britain, however, possessing recognized qualifications does not ensure a place in a higher education institution. Institutions desire specific grades. In fact by this rigid process British institutions ensure a high success rate in their courses. Recently, however, British universities and higher education colleges have displayed a more flexible attitude in considering equivalent non- standard and overseas qualification of applicants to UK degree courses. An outstanding All India Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (AISSCE) record of CBSE may be considered as equivalent to `A' levels for entry to university courses. For BTEC (HND and HNC) generally All India Senior Secondary Certificate Exam (AISSCE) results are acceptable for entry.

For students pursuing ISC the general requirements are: 5 subject passes (2 GCE A-levels and 3 GCSE at grade C minimum) or 4 subject passes (3 GCE A-levels and 1 GCSE at grade C minimum) or

Equivalent Indian qualifications: The most comprehensive picture to entry requirements is supplied by UCAS official guide. The only authoritative statement of entry requirements is the formal offer from the university.

Entry criteria for various subjects of study - Entry criteria are influenced by supply and demand for places. Over the years there has been variation in demands for certain courses, e.g., computer studies, communication and media studies seem to have grown in demand. When demand grows for a particular course it is but obvious that entry becomes competitive. Many institutions prefer to take in BTEC national diploma or International Baccalaureate students.

Universities are looking for people who fit into the demands of higher education. By inviting applications from students across the globe they aim to select students who can benefit from higher education.

Universities expect specific grades or courses for specific subjects, e.g., maths at the A level is required for all engineering courses. For Business and Finance, Maths and English are considered. For language course A-level in the specific language is required. Medicine, veterinary and dental science requires science courses at A-levels. Physical sciences require mathematics and the subject you are applying for. Entry requirements for humanities vary from subject to subject. For economics you may require Maths at A-level while for history it would be A-level in history. For psychology and philosophy, maths and English at the O-level may be needed. Architecture entrants need to have studied Maths at A-level. (UCAS Handbook has latest details in terms of entry requirements.)

Postgraduate program

Undergraduate degree in the relevant subject. Conversion to another area is possible by doing a subject conversion course.

For PhD in Philosophy - PG in Philosophy in Britain is required.

TESTS OF ENGLISH PROFICIENCY:

Most institutions in UK do not accept an international student without evidence of proficiency in the English language. Without fluency in the English language a student may not be able to cope in a British setting. However, there is no uniformity in the qualification and grades universities might be looking for.

British Council students’ services division guides students for proficiency tests. Many overseas students with inadequate preparation in the English Language fail in their first year examination and have to repeat the year.

English as a foreign language (EFL)

Cambridge EFL examinations are run by the University of Cambridge Local Examination Syndicate (UCLES). The range of Cambridge EFL examinations include specialist exams in Business English, English for Academic Purposes, test for young learners and a suite of certificates and diplomas for language teachers. The examination covers skills like - Listening, speaking, reading & writing.

International English language testing system (IELTS)

The IELTS test is the usual means by which the British Council and even the International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges measure the language skills of students from overseas who need to provide evidence of their English language proficiency. Its purpose is to find out if your proficiency in English will meet the demands of a course where the teaching is done which is entirely in English.

The test covers the language skills needed for courses of study and uses the kinds of text and tasks you may find on a course in Britain. It is not, however, a test of knowledge of any particular subject which you intend to study.

The test is made up of four subtests taken in the following order:

1. Listening (30 minutes)
2. Reading (60 minutes)
3. Writing (60 minutes)
4. Speaking (10-15 minutes)

The listening subtest is general and the reading and writing subtests test skills in particular areas suited to the chosen course of study. The speaking subtest is also general and is recorded on cassettes. Two modules are available and the module closest to your own subject will be given to you.

Modules - IELTS modules are as follows:

Academic reading and writing - This test helps to assess whether a candidate is ready to study or train in the medium of English at an undergraduate or postgraduate level. Admission to undergraduate and postgraduate courses is based on academic modules.

General training - reading and writing - This is not designed to test the full range of formal language skills required for academic purposes. It is suitable for candidates who are going to English speaking countries to complete their secondary education or to undertake work experience or training programs not at degree level. For the test a fees of over Rs. 3500 has to be paid.

Specimen material packs are available at British Council offices which include a book on How to Prepare for IELTS.

Repeating the IELTS - Students cannot retake the test until three months after their first sitting. They have to produce their previous test report form for details to be checked.

Information about IELTS Testing can be procured from,

IELTS Administrator,

British Deputy High Commission,

British Council Division.

AGE REQUIREMENTS:

There are 2 categories of students accepted in UK. 17-18 years old and `Mature students' who are of 19-25 year old.

`Mature students' - A student who has completed conventional school/college education and seeks admission to a UK university at the age of 21 years or more is a mature student. He can follow the normal application process. Mature students are also those who do not possess standard entry requirements but have alternative qualification/work experience.

English Degrees in the UK - An Infinite Variety

The Power of the written word

There are a large number of reasons to study for English degrees at UK institutions, and chief among them is the benefit of obtaining a non-vocational degree that opens up a myriad of career possibilities. Most English degrees will assist students in acquiring desirable, relevant and useful skills for any future employment.

Among these skills are those of analytical thinking, problem-solving, close evaluation of the written and spoken word, presentation expertise, articulacy, and highly developed communication proficiency. Employers value graduates who can demonstrate these specialities, and a degree in English is a virtual guarantee of advanced training in all or most of these intellectual areas.

Students who complete an English degree are able to compete at the highest level with other graduates for employment in professions as diverse as law, accountancy, teaching, research, journalism, publishing, and marketing, to name but a few. Recent graduates in English, for example, have taken up positions as editors for international publishing houses, such as Penguin and Oxford University Press; or as copy-editors for international magazine publishers. The BBC and other, independent television production companies often hire graduates who have completed degrees in core arts disciplines. Legal careers are open to graduates from English, once a conversion course has been completed; and accountancy firms value the key skills acquired through reading for English degrees in Literature and English Literature and Language. Graduates can also teach English within the British schools' system once a postgraduate certificate has been obtained, but English graduates can also teach abroad-in Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, for example-literally expanding their horizons thanks to their degree.

"Students who complete a degree in English are able to compete at the highest level with other graduates for employment in professions as diverse as law, accountancy, teaching, research, journalism, publishing, and marketing, to name but a few."

The kinds of English degree courses offered by UK institutions vary widely. Many of the traditional universities provide courses with a significant degree of chronological coverage, taking the student (who can often choose modules within a broad range) from the earliest literary periods of Old and Middle English to the most contemporary writing in English from all over the world. Often included in these courses are modules in English language: the history of the language, sociolinguistics (the ways in which language and society interact), pragmatics, semiotics, stylistics, and so on. The expertise of the respective Department's faculty will often dictate the more specialised modules that are on offer. The same is true, of course, of all university and college departments, and the larger the department, the more varied the particular modules on offer can often be.

Newer universities usually offer a more limited chronological range of literature, beginning with Shakespeare in many cases, and providing students with a large range of modules in the early modern and modern periods from which selections can be made. On all English degree programmes, students usually study literary periods (such as 'The Long Nineteenth-Century', 'Renaissance Literature', 'Contemporary Writing') together with courses on particular themes (for example, 'Women's Writing in the Modernist Period', 'The City in Literature', 'Pastoral Poetry') or authors (such as Chaucer, Dickens, Woolf, Beckett). The amount of choice for students very much depends on the institution: some offer a substantial number of optional modules with just a handful of core courses; others have less choice, the programme revolving around mandatory modules studied by all students, with a selection of options at advanced levels. Each system of teaching has its own benefits: programmes with a great deal of flexibility obviously allow students to specialise from early in the degree, and focus on those things that students believe are of greatest interest; programmes with a significant number of core modules provide students with a thorough background in major literary areas, and introduce students to exciting new areas of study that they may not have voluntary selected.

Many courses provide students with carefully packaged 'pathways' through the English degree programme. For example, some departments' curricula will permit students to specialise in English Language, while taking a variety of literary courses; others allow specialisation in Medieval Literature, Theoretical Approaches to Literature, Drama, and so on. Numerous institutions offer programmes that result in joint degrees, such as English and Philosophy, English and History, English and Comparative Literature. Others have major components in fields as diverse as Creative Writing, or Literature in Translation, or Cultural History.

Whichever course in English and related areas you choose, you are guaranteed a wonderfully rich education that will help you acquire numerous skills to set you up for a multitude of careers.

Learning English at a British University

Learning English at a British University is a special experience. The courses are a very high standard. You will meet with local students and mix with other students from many different parts of the world. You will discover English culture and life style in an interesting environment.

Each year thousands of students choose to study English in British Universities. They know that a university can provide them with the direct experience of student life. They also know that the quality of the courses that they choose will be very good. Universities are most often situated in large cities or smaller towns that have an interesting history. This gives the students the opportunity to learn about British culture and society in a direct way. There are lots of universities to choose from, so you need to consider certain questions before you apply to a course.

Which Course?

If you wish to improve your skills in using English to help your career or gain a qualification, you will be looking for a General English or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course. Many universities offer EFL or ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) courses which can last for a few weeks or longer if you wish. They will often offer you a choice in how long you can study. If you are intending to study for a degree in a British University either as an undergraduate (B.A. or B.Sc.), it is wise to apply for a pre-university or pre-sessional course. These courses are very popular and are usually offered between June-September each year and they can also last for different lengths of time depending on your needs. Some Universities refer to this type of course as English for Academic Purposes and they offer a good introduction to University life.

Have you thought of studying for your first degree in English? This is becoming very popular for many students. You can find out which British Universities welcome non-native speakers onto their degree courses by obtaining information on these Universities from your nearest British Council Office. You will need to take an English Language test before applying, such as the IELTS (International English Language Testing System) and the British Council can advise you about this. Some Universities welcome students who wish to study any subject and some offer full-time degree courses specially designed for non-native speakers. There are a few places, such as Stirling University, which actually offer a three-year degree in English as Business and Management or whatever. You may wish to study English before beginning University studies, to study English as part of a full-time degree, and even want to stay on for further study for a Masters degree, You can do this all at the same University if you prefer, but you will need to make sure that the University you want to go to will provide you with the courses you need. Many students come to British Universities to obtain a qualification in English Language Teaching (ELT). Most will study for a Masters degree, but a small number of Universities do fofer an undergraduate degree or other qualifications in ELT.

Which University?

This is a big question! It depends on where you would like to be and your own personal interests. Do you prefer living in a large city? Remember London is not the only interesting city in Britain! If you prefer a large city which is very lively and where lots of people work in different jobs and professions, you might choose to study in places like Birmingham, Nottingham, Liverpool, Leeds or Edinburgh for example. Many British Universities are in smaller cities or towns with a very interesting history, such as Cambridge, Oxford, York, or Bath for example. You might prefer to be in a town that is very close to the wonderful countryside and lots of fresh air. Examples would include Lancaster near the beautiful English Lake District, Brighton near both the sea and the Sussex Downs, or Stirling on the edge of the magnificent Scottish Highlands.

Choosing the city or town is important especially if you want to experience different aspects of culture, history or the environment. If you plan to study for a year or more, your choice of place is very important because it will be your 'home from home.' Also make sure that the particular University provides the course or courses you want. Obtain as much information as you can, either directly from the particular University itself (write to the Admissions Office) or through the British Council Office nearest to you.

Why a University Course?

Universities are places designed for student life. During your studies you will meet students from Britain and all over the world. Teachers providing English courses at British Universities are highly qualified and very experienced. Some of them may have taught English in your own country during their career, so they will understand some of your experience before coming to Britain. Class sizes are usually small and courses are carefully planned. You will be able to use all the resources for study and to social and sports facilities. The course you will apply for is likely to involve you in regular social activities which are typical of a British University and its environment. Studying in a British University will provide you with the most international experience you can imagine with excellent opportunities to develop your use of English.

Studying English in Hawaii

Studying English in Hawaii is not always an obvious choice for international students. Perhaps it seems too good to be true. How could anyone ever concentrate on studies while being surrounded by paradise? Or perhaps it is a hard sell for students who need the assistance of parents or sponsors. Those paying the tuition may fear that the student may learn how to surf better than to speak English.

But these myths are far from reality. Sure you can learn to surf but it doesn't have to be at the expense of a high-quality language education. Due to proximity and a long interlocking history, the Japanese have long since discovered the secret treasure of studying in Hawaii. However, each year more and more Europeans and South Americans discover the Pearl of the Pacific-the Hawaiian archipelago, not only because it is a tropical paradise but also because of Hawaii's growing world importance as the economic, geographical and cultural center of the Pacific Rim-the fastest growing region in the world.

Honolulu, the heartbeat of Hawaii, boasts a number of English language schools that will meet most students' needs. Each school is slightly different, so it is a good idea to check each school's homepage to find the one most appropriate for you.

Most schools have morning and/or afternoon intensive English lessons and most schools offer both full-time (F-1 Visa) programs and part-time (tourist) programs. Several schools offer private (one-on-one) lessons. In some of the programs students can only enter at the beginning of terms while others are more flexible with weekly or monthly enrollment through out the year.

Some of the things you will want to consider when inquiring about schools are accommodation (Is the school able to help you with accommodation), location (How near is the school to your accommodation?), purpose (What is the main reason you want to study English? Conversation skills? Grammatical Accuracy? College preparatory?), when and how long you want to study (Does the school's schedule and your own match?) and price (Does the tuition fit in your budget?).

What follows is a brief overview of some of the better-known schools on Oahu:

The Institute of Intensive English (IIE) is conveniently located in central Waikiki. Although the terms at IIE are 8 weeks long, students can enroll any Monday and can take part-time or full-time classes at IIE. Classes are 4 hours a day Monday through Thursday in either the morning or the afternoon. Friday Activities are optional for part-time student but mandatory for full-time students. On Fridays students can choose to take a lesson on American culture or vocabulary building or participate in a field trip. During the field trips students go to local areas of interest like hiking up Diamond Head, a scavenger hunt through China Town, or a guided tour through the Aloha Tower and the Maritime Museum.

IIE offers optional TOEIC and TOEFL preparation classes. Part-time students can choose to take one of the test preparation classes and one regular lesson. Full-time students have the same option or they can choose both regular lessons and a test preparation class for a total of 6 hours of study a day, 24 hours a weeks. For students who want more individualized attention IIE offers students the option of taking private lessons. This is a popular option for people who are in Hawaii for a brief stay or have a specific topic that they wish to study.

IIE places a strong emphasis on developing students' oral communication skills. This is achieved through pair and small group work in class and encouraging students to attend after-class activities like Movie Night, Conversation Night and joining in the Nike Town Running Club with teachers and classmates.

Intercultural Communications College (ICC) is located near Ala Moana Shopping Center. ICC has a new student orientation every fifth Monday. The full-time course is 20 hours a week and the part-time course is 16 hours a week with each course being 4 weeks long. Courses at ICC focus on grammatical accuracy. ICC also offers testing preparation programs in the TOEIC, TOEFL and the Cambridge exams. ICC has an activity coordinator on staff that plans weekly after class activities with students.

The New Intensive Courses in English (NICE) Program is located on the campus of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. NICE is a 10-week program with enrollment at the beginning of each term. The 10-week program is open to both full-time and part-time students. Full-time students take twenty hours of classes each week while the part-time students study 15 hours per week. The part-time program has both morning and afternoon classes. NICE has a 4-week summer program, which is open only to full-time students. During each term students do an outside activity-Culture Day-with their teacher.

Hawaii Pacific University (HPU) also has a language program at the downtown campus. Enrollment is accepted at the beginning of each semester with additional courses available in the summer. Full-time and part-time students are accepted in the HPU program. The main attraction of the HPU program is for students whose desire is to enter HPU as an HPU university student after they have achieved English proficiency. If a student completes the required proficiency courses then he/she can enter HPU without a TOEFL score.

After researching and deciding on a program, it is time to prepare for life in Hawaii. Many people think that Hawaii has no seasons but those who live here know that although there may not be major temperature changes between the seasons they are still felt. In the winter, after sunset, the evenings can get chilly. A light jacket or a sweatshirt may be required for comfort. Summers are usually quite a bit warmer and more humid than the rest of the year. However, you will find Hawaii agreeable anytime you decide to come as the cooling trade winds keep the temperature moderate throughout the year.

After classes and during the weekends you will have plenty of time to discover everything that Oahu has to offer. World-famous Waikiki is popular during the day as place to get sun or catch waves anywhere along the two-mile stretch of white sand beaches that tourist from around the world come to Hawaii to see. In the evening Kalakaua Avenue in Waikiki comes alive with street performers entertaining the people passing by on their way to dinner or the International Market Place for evening shopping.

Hanauma Bay is an excellent place to spend Saturday afternoons. Famous for its clear blue waters and excellent snorkeling Hanauma Bay is located about 10 miles from Waikiki. Bring your books to study under the palm trees on the grass before you head into the water to swim with parrotfish, butterfly fish, moray eels and sea turtles. Since it is a state park there is a $3.00 entry fee but as a student you will be able to use your student ID card for the Kamaiana (local) rate-free.

Since you will be exercising your mind all week you might want to exercise your body on the weekends by hiking along any one of Oahu's hiking trails that offer fabulous vistas of the island. The trails range in difficulty from the relatively easy if not hot and dry walk up Hawaii's most famous land mark, Diamond Head to more difficult trails that have you making your slippery way through jungle vegetation or going along ridge lines with sheer drops on either side. Whatever your level as a hiker or even non-hiker you will be able to find trails that will take you away from busy Honolulu and give you a chance to contemplate the beauty nature offers us with out the fear of meeting a snake. There are no snakes native to Hawaii. However, never over estimate your abilities and always have a hiking buddy with you on unknown trails.

And then there is the North Shore. Waikiki is popular with surfers of all levels with its sets of 1-3 foot waves, but it is the North Shore that attracts the serious surfer with frequent high surf advisories in the winter. Boasting some of the world's best surfing, the North Shore is the site of three major surf competitions each December and where the TV program Bay Watch, Hawaii is filmed.

Whoever said that you couldn't have your cake and eat it, too? Hawaii is a perfect example. There are a number of schools that offer quality language education at reasonable prices and there are never days cold enough that make you want to dig into your covers and dread going to class. And even if you wake up to find Pele crying (raining) you know that you know that at some point in the day there will be a rainbow. Being surrounded by mystery and beauty will only inspire you to study and make the most out of your stay in paradise. Aloha.

Choosing a University English Language Program

University English language programs offer a variety of services, options and costs. How do you decide which one is the best for you?

First, consider what your ultimate goal is in studying in the U.S. Is it to obtain a university degree, improve your English for business reasons or
enhance your personal growth and intercultural experience? Almost every university in California offers English instruction to international
students. However, the English programs are as varied in what they offer students as the individual universities are themselves.

Some English programs are highly academic and prepare you for graduate school; others have business English and conversation partners. Some have academic counseling and immigration services; others have recreational activities and cultural field trips. Some offer university courses while
studying English; others offer a TOEFL waiver upon completion of the English program. Some offer lower prices and fewer hours; others offer a highly trained staff. Some have TOEFL, GMAT and GRE preparation; others offer conditional admission to the university.

Aside from the instructional aspects of a program, you should also consider more practical matters, such as the location of the school and its
surroundings. Is it in a metropolitan city, in a suburb, by the beach or in the mountains? What can you do in your free time? How safe is the area?
How close to the campus are clubs, restaurants, theaters, grocery stores and shopping malls? Does the English program arrange off-campus trips to visit museums, musicals, amusement parks and other places of interest? How much interaction do the English language students have with the university students on campus, and which campus facilities and services are available to them?

Another important factor to consider is which housing options are available at the English program. Is this your first time away from home? If so,
then you probably don't want homestay. You want to be around other students your age, attend weekend parties, and practice English with fellow students at the university. A campus dormitory may be the place for you. However, if you value your privacy and would like a quieter atmosphere, then an apartment is the right choice. Homestay is for students who want to experience American culture from the inside. You will learn expressions, vocabulary, and various nuances of American life that you will never experience in a dormitory or apartment.

If you are planning to obtain a university degree, you may consider studying English at the same university. While studying English you will acquaint
yourself with the campus, make friends with fellow students, join a student club, and adjust somewhat to life in California, before you start the heavy
academic load of a modern university student.

Friends and relatives who live or have studied in California can be very helpful in choosing an English program. Many students attend a program
based, not on all of the information above, but on their friend's or relative's recommendation. If your friend or relative is studying in
California, ask him or her for details about the school they are attending and about the surrounding area.

Whether you are looking for an intensive academic experience, TOEFL preparation or conversation and business writing, you can find such a
program at a university in California.

Strategies for Successful English Language Learning

Once you’ve decided to enrol in an intensive English program in the United States, take some time to consider ways to maximise the experience. Examining the skills and attitudes of successful language learners will give you insight into strategies for successful English language learning.

Research in the field of language indicates that there are many things you can do to become a successful learner. Some people may have special abilities linguistically, but most of us can "learn to learn" language effectively. Curiosity about language and culture, daily study, and the commitment to use English in every possible situation while in an English-speaking environment, are very important conditions for success.

Motivation and attitude play a significant role in successful language learning. Listed here are some useful hints to encourage success in your new experiences. Combined with the expert assistance of knowledgeable instructors and reliable intensive English programs, attention to these ideas will help you gain focus in your studies so that you can learn English more effectively.

Be clear and realistic about your goals. Your sense of success will depend on your needs for English and whether or not you meet your needs. It is not just a question of measured progress. If you need conversational fluency, note-taking skills will not meet your needs. If you must learn to write effective business letters, informal conversation with current slang will not help you achieve your goal. Know what your goals are. Do you need English for occasional speaking situations, for travel or entertaining English-speaking visitors? Do you want to improve comprehension in both written and spoken English? Do your need to write English for professional purposed? Are you preparing for a university career in English? If so, your goals must include proficiency in all skill areas.

Learning a foreign language is an inexact process. Very few people learn to use a foreign language as well as a native speaker does. Fortunately, very few people need to learn English like a native English speaker in every skill area. Be realistic and aware of your goals.. There are many reasons to learn English, and your reasons are your own goals. Administrators and instructors in intensive English programs are aware of the wide range of approaches and curricula available. Be sure to select an intensive English program which accommodates your language goals.

Be realistic about the length of time it takes to learn a language. Programs which promise overnight success are simply not being honest. Language learning is a cumulative process. You will experience bursts of accomplishment as well blocks and delays in progress. You will notice improvement at different speeds in each skill area. Many students progress more quickly in passive skill areas (reading and grammar analysis) than in active and complex skill areas (speaking, notetaking during a lecture). If you are beginning level student whose goal is proficiency, a typical program may include at least nine months of intensive English study. If your study program is short-term and your goals include improvement and review rather than proficiency, you may realise some progress in two or more weeks.

Be aware of your learning style. If you know that you learn more quickly when you listen to an English statement a few times before writing it, or if you know that seeing a picture or graphic representation of a word or expression helps you to remember the word, the develop study habits which use the most effective techniques for you. Excellent instructors who know that students must be involved in active learning will created active learning experiences to connect you with the language.

When you have determined your best learning style. Talk with your English instructor(s) about additional opportunities to practice English and to make progress. Instructors will design class activities and assignments to match the preferred learning styles of students.

Learn something about ‘language learning’. Remember that language is a complex system of meaningful sounds organised with a series of rules (grammar). Every student has studies enough pronunciation, grammar and sentence structure to understand this! It is also true that language is a form of behaviour involving the human need to communicate and to be understood. Language learning involves motivation, emotion, a sense of self, and a set of cultural beliefs. Language is much more than sound and words and grammar. As you learn a new language, you will produce a ‘series of successive approximations’, meaning that each attempt at a new language will bring closer to effective communication. Language learning requires that you make mistakes. Do not be afraid of a language or afraid of making errors. Develop an ability to relax; ‘playing’ with a new language is an important part of learning.

There is a significant research on the nature of language acquisition. It is important to know about the process you are involved in, so that you will understand the challenges of your study, your feelings and responses, and your progress.

Take responsibility for your own learning. A good instructor is half the equation for successful language learning. Take charge of your learning. Take charge of your learning; participate actively in your program. Look for opportunities to use your new language in any of many new environments. Be willing to make mistakes and learn from these mistakes. Focus on your goals, your study habits, and your willingness to ‘learn to learn’. Enjoy the process! Find inside yourself the reasons you want to learn, and determine ways to evaluate your success for yourself.

Your instructors and program administrators will appreciated that you have clear and realistic goals. They will respect your commitment to learning. They will respond to your efforts and encourage an open and positive student-instructor relationship. And they will applaud your progress. Your success is your reward!

Biographical Information: Cindy Barnes Ochoa is Director of Executive English Program for the Intensive English Institute, a Portland, Oregon based organisation which offers intensive English for students and business people at 10 locations throughout the United States. She is president of the American Association of Intensive English Programs.

English Language Study and the Link with Further Education

The study of English Language in the UK has rapidly developed over recent years to the extent where now it can be studied at Universities as well as at specialised Language Schools. John Duncan discusses the progression of this subject and the opportunities available in the 1990s for international students to participate in this line of study.

Until the late ‘60s there were relatively few students coming to study English in the UK. Those who came were seen as adventurous, with time on their hands. There were only a handful of schools which students could choose to study at, and getting information about those schools was quite difficult because the ‘educational agent’ as we know him today was virtually non-existent. The British Council was more or less the only source of information.

During the late ‘60s and throughout the ‘70s there was a steady rise in both the number of students and the number of schools teaching English as the English language became established as the major language for world trade and commerce. The greatest number of students came from Switzerland and Japan during the academic year and then from Italy and Spain during the summer holidays. There were Iranians, then Arabs: Iraqis and Saudis.

As more and more students came, the ‘market’ became more sophisticated. Different types of course became available, such as English for Business, and students were offered a whole range of examinations as well as the traditional Cambridge First Certificate. Information about school and the various courses offered was also more readily available as schools began to actively market themselves overseas. The number of ‘agents’ rose dramatically, and they in turn fuelled the demand.

During the ‘80s the market continued to develop rapidly. Whereas in the early days England was the only place to study English, the schools in England suddenly found themselves in competition, not only with Scotland and Ireland, but also within the USA, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and virtually anywhere English was spoken, no matter what accent!

These days, there are more than 1300 language schools in the UK, many more in the United States and literally hundreds in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa, offering a complete spectrum of courses including such variations as English plus Aviation, English plus Horseriding and even English for retirement in Barbados! Governments have long since become aware of the importance of the language market and have shown their support through grants. For example, in Australia, new schools setting up have been able to recoup virtually all their marketing costs.

The overseas student, however, is not confined to studying in language schools. Most universities in the UK now have between 7% and 15% overseas students. Some of these come on exchange programmes such as the ERASMUS Scheme, but many others are studying privately, paying full fees, fees on which many universities depend.

Just as language schools in the UK are in competition with language schools overseas, universities are themselves in competition, particularly with those in the States and Australia. The Americans were quickest to adapt to the new market by offering 4 year undergraduate programmes with a built in one-year foundation which enabled them to accept students who were not ready to undertake a full undergraduate programme, either academically or linguistically.

Most individual full fee paying overseas students come from countries where English is not the first language, mainly in Asia, countries such as Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Taiwan. The governments of Turkey, Libya, Iran and Saudi Arabia also sponsor significant numbers of students to study in overseas universities, often at a postgraduate and doctoral level.

Unlike language schools, which can accept virtually anyone, no matter what their educational background, Universities have to be much more selective as a student who isn’t up to it either academically or linguistically not only wastes a lot of time, but also money, because that student will have taken the place that could have been offered to someone else. Those responsible for marketing universities have to become totally au fait with overseas qualifications. They also need to be able to assess a student’s linguistic ability.

TOEFL was the exam used by American universities and initially adopted by the UK. However, in the UK it has proven inadequate. TOEFL is a multiple-choice test with no speaking component. Students are able to cram for TOEFL, and obtain a high score, but when they have started at university they have found themselves totally unable to cope linguistically. This disadvantage was not so significant in the States, where there was always the integral foundation year in the 4 year undergraduate programme.

In joint co-operation between the UK and Australia, the IELTS examination was introduced in the late ‘80s. It is diagnostic and designed specifically to test a student’s ability to cope linguistically in an academic environment. To enter university, the normal requirement is 6.5 on IELTS, or 5.5 if a students wants to enter a foundation year. If a student does not have these scores, even if he/she is ready academically, he should delay his course commencement as he needs to improve his English.

He/she can either study more in his own country or he can come to England. Most universities, run pre-sessional courses during the summer holidays prior to the academic year beginning at the end of September. In this time, a student can realistically hope to improve his IELTS score by 0.5 to 1 point.

If the students level is more than 1 point below the requirement he/she will need to attend a longer language course in a specialised establishment such as the English Language School. The question is, which of the 1000+ language schools should he choose to study in?

Without doubt he should choose one of the 250 or so which are recognised by the British Council. The others have no form of control or guarantee of minimum standards. It would be advisable to choose an established school with a wide range of nationalities, where students have to speak to each other in English, not their own language, a school which offers Study Skills programmes which specifically prepare students for academic study. Other considerations which are also important are accommodation possibilities and location.

Take, for example, The English Language Centre in Bristol, established in 1969. Bristol is a major university city 90 minutes west of London, with more than 35,000 British students. The school runs full time courses around 100 adult students from some 25 different countries. Study Skills options are available and a significant percentage of their students go on to further education in their language course. They prepare students for examinations, including the IELTS test, and their students have a high rate of success.

With the help and advice of the centre’s own academic counsellor, many will then go on to take academic courses in British universities, benefiting particularly from those which also offer ‘language support’ such as that available at the University of Bristol. This is a perfect example of how a student may benefit from both specific language tuition and general language support through the co-operation of two educational institutions whose aim it is to give the individual a rewarding academic experience.

English Language Study in Australia

Australia is becoming an increasingly popular destination for learning English. For those who like adventure, a chance to travel, or experience of the outdoor life, Australia is an exciting and safe study destination. If your interest is in developing your English for business or further studies, there is also a wide choice of good quality colleges and programs which will suit your needs and Australian people extend a warm welcome to overseas students.

Many students who come to Australia to study make a point of saying that the Australians they meet are friendly and helpful, interested in them and their culture. Most English colleges arrange accommodation for their students with Australian families near the college to give them a taste of ‘Aussie life’. This way they get to know people of all ages, and become part of an Australian family for the duration of their stay. Some of the friendships formed with homestay families last for many years after students have returned home.

Students sometimes think that Australia is a very long way from home. However, modern travel means that it is only a flight away, and once there you will find that your money goes a long way. The cost of living is quite inexpensive, and if you choose to travel, you will have the chance to see some of Australia’s great attractions: the Barrier Reef in Queensland, Ayer’s Rock in the outback of the Northern Territory, the natural wilderness of Tasmania, the snow-topped mountains of Victoria and New South Wales, the white sandy beaches where dolphins play in Western Australia, and the lush wine-producing regions of South Australia.

Australians love the outdoor life, and everywhere you go you will see Australians enjoying their sport, picnics, visits to the beach and camping holidays. This vast country has every possible climate - one to suit everyone. The southern cities, particularly Perth, Adelaide and Melbourne, have a temperate climate, with hot summers and cool winters whereas Tasmania, which is further south, has snow-capped mountains in winter. Sydney is semi-tropical, and the cities of Queensland tropical and always warm whilst the Northern Territory and northern Western Australian outback regions are hot and dry. You can ski in winter, swim and surf all year round, go boating or fishing, play tennis and golf, and enjoy many other sports.

Each region has its own unique wildlife, and you will have the opportunity to see kangaroos, koalas, playpus, echidnas, and many other strange creatures in the wild and in special national parks where these animals are protected.

The English language industry, or ELICOS (English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students), as it is commonly known, has developed in Australia over a period of about twenty years, and is now one of the best known in the world. English language centres in Australia which offer courses to overseas students vary enormously. There are now more than 150 to choose from, ranging from the small privately run college with small group tuition, to the secondary school preparing students for high school studies, to large university or vocational education centres which will offer English in its own right or as a transition to any number of other tertiary or further training programs.

Australia also has a very high quality university and vocational education system, and students often come to Australia with plans for a full study program, with English language as the stepping stone to other courses. You could choose to do a General English course, or specialise by doing a course in English for business, graphic arts, the hospitality industry, academic studies, or post-graduate studies. Or if you are interested in doing one of the internationally recognised English language examinations, many centres offer special courses in preparation for the Cambridge University examinations, IELTS or TOEFL. Your English college will help you to enrol for these examinations, or if you are unsure of your future study plans, advise you on further study options after your English course is complete.

As a safeguard for students coming to Australia, there is a national accreditation process which all new ELICOS colleges undergo. The National ELICOS Accreditation Scheme (NEAS), which set up in 1990, requires all centres to comply with a set of standards, and this is a guarantee that students will be taught by qualified English teachers, programs will be accredited and class sized kept small. When fully accredited by NEAS, colleges are able to show its special logo on their promotional materials as a symbol of their good standards.

Your English language study program in Australia does not have to be all work, however. Visiting and living in a new country is also exciting and fun. For those new to Australia, you will be introduced to Australian customs, and have the opportunity to meet others through arranged social activities. You will find that Australians come from many different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, and so most cities can offer a vast range of international foods and restaurants to try. Also, excursions to see the attractions of the city in which you are studying are often part of your English program, and these help you to get to know your city.

Australia has a great deal to offer overseas students. Whether you choose to study English in Australia for its own sake, for the opportunity to travel across a new and fascinating country, or as part of your vocational and academic program, your stay will be a unique experience which you will never forget.

The New World of English Language Learning

You have got to be "global" to excel in your profession, and achieve your goals. You have got to know the world around you and the people within it. You have got to be able to communicate, to learn and to share. You have got to be able to access information through the latest information technology. You must speak English in order to progress in this high-tech international society that puts a premium on innovation.

According to Newsweek magazine, experts have estimated that by the year 2000, more than 1 billion people around the world will speak or be studying English. That is an indication that competition in the workplace is getting fiercer, and that you need the additional skills to have the competitive edge. You need English to be competitive.

Intensive English Programs (IEP) are a brilliant way to master the language, especially Schools that are endorsed by Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) present you with high educational standards. What else should you look for when deciding on a school to study English?

Traditional methods of English Language instruction focus on teaching English for the sake of it. Schools who use these methods view the fact that you are not a native English speaker as a crutch, not an opportunity.

In this system, a student who wants to attend an American university is recommended to advance his/her general English skills before pursuing his/her goal. For many of you, this would appear quite logical.

Why?

The new world of English Language learning incorporates a league of institutions that enable you to simultaneously pursue your English and personal/professional goals.

You lose no time. You stay on track.

Through specialized tracks, academic, business or general communication purposes, you have the possibility to improve your English while concentrating on one of the three tracks. You work on projects that are of interest to you. Projects, that help you master your listening, writing and grammar skills. You are engaged in scintillating activities that would not be possible in your home country. You participate extensively in the community where authentic language is utilized. You also use computers to enhance unique experiences gained both inside and outside of the classroom.

As your English language level improves, you are able to continue your studies with advanced level programs. Intensive English Programs sharpen your skills methodically to prepare you for the challenges ahead of you. If your English language skill is at an advanced level, you have the opportunity to take professional level studies; these can be either university courses or professional courses that may be attended by both international and American students. These programs have the flexibility to combine your studies with advanced English classes to support your professional level courses.

Your decision is your investment for your future. So, think B-I-G!