Airlines Technical and Engineering Division - Nature of Work

Aeronautical engineers

Aeronautical engineers design, construct, test, operate and maintain the basic structure of aircrafts and spacecrafts as well as propulsion and control systems. Their work includes making estimations of weight, gravity evaluating stress factor and working on projects of aerodynamics, structural design, flight test evaluation, propulsion problems etc.

Aircraft engineers in civil aviation normally specialize in aeronautical mechanical or electronic engineering. Mechanical engineers service and overhaul engines and airframes. Aeronautical electronic engineers specialize in the maintenance of instruments, electrical and electronic equipment, navigation, radar and radio communication. Flight engineers who accompany the crew on flights and work on the flight deck are responsible for the correct functioning of systems and equipment and liasoning with the ground staff when on ground.

Developments with the newer wide-bodied aircraft has meant the use of computers in flight decks allowing only two person crews of pilot and co-pilot and hence the job of a flight engineer is gradually being phased out. They are rarely needed on modern aircrafts. Flight engineers hence make pre-flight inspections and are responsible for the efficient performance of the aircraft during the flight. They diagnose and deal with any systems failures, manage repairs, report any defects to maintenance and later check that they have been dealt with. They may also be responsible for refuelling.

A team of engineers carry out routine maintenance on the ground during aircraft overhauling at airports and respond to reports from air crew of any difficulties experienced during flights, repairing and making corrections. They also do maintenance and overhaul of aircraft in hangers and workshops when an aircraft is due for its regular inspection and checks.

The work requires use of hand and power tools for replacement of parts, the treatment of corrosion, checking of tyres, brakes, instruments, wheel flaps etc - any parts affecting the safety of the aircraft and also safety equipment. They complete worksheets for checks made and these are certified by themselves if they are licensed to do so, or by a qualified supervisor.

Engineers work as part of a very organized and highly efficient team and , particularly during turnarounds, they work often at great speed and under great pressure. Work is normally carried out under supervision of senior engineers. The main thrust of the engineering profession lies in design, development, maintenance and teaching of aeronautics. It is also suited for other non-conventional fields such as air turbine production plants or design development programmes for the aviation industry.

Work Environment

Aircraft engineers work at airports during turnaround of airplanes, working in all types of weather conditions. On routine overhauls and checks they work indoors in workshops and hangers. Work is normally carried out at the home airport. Senior and experienced aircraft engineers sometimes work overseas, supervising the work of contracted foreign crew who do checks on the aircraft. Inside the aircraft the work is carried out in often cramped places requiring bending in awkward positions. Flight engineers work in the confined spaces of flight decks. They normally wear overalls and safety equipment such as eye protectors, harnesses and ear defenders as necessary.

Personal Characteristics

All aircraft engineers must have a strong sense of responsibility since the safety of the aircraft and passengers depends on them to a large degree. This job requires manual, technical and mechanical aptitude. Since aircrafts have to be serviced in a short time - engineers should be able to work at good speed and with accuracy. Ability to work as members of a team is needed. They must have normal colour vision and a good head for heights. Physical fitness and ability for working under stress would count on his efficiency.

Study/Training

Aeronautical Engineering can be studied after +2 (PCM) offering the mechanical and electronics branches as specialised areas of study. Further specialisation can be pursued at the post graduate level. Diploma holders can acquire degrees as detailed in the following sections.

Courses/Institutions

Following are the details for under graduate/post graduate courses :

Undergraduate engineering courses in Aeronautical Engineering

This course is offered by the Indian Institute of Technology in Chennai, Mumbai, Kanpur and Kharagpur and also by the Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh. Admission to the Aeronautical Engineering course in IIT is through the Joint Entrance Test (JEE) conducted in April/May every year along with the entrance for other streams. Punjab Engineering College too conducts an entrance test and minimum requirements for appearing in the entrance is science (physics, chemistry, mathematics) at the 10+2 stage. Aeronautical Engg. BE courses of 4 years are offered by :

Punjab University , Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014. Eligibility – Class XII with 50% marks in English, Maths, Physics and Chemistry.

University of Madras, Centenary Buildings Chepauk, Triplicane PO, Chennai 600005. Eligibility – Class XII with Physics, Chemistry and Maths or Vocational Stream (Engineering and Technology) or Diploma in Engineering or B.Sc (Applied Science).

Madras Institute of Technology (affiliated to Anna University), Chromepet, Chennai 600044. Course – BTech (3 years) Eligibility – BSc (10+2+3) with one main and two ancillary subjects from Maths, Physics, Chemistry with 70% aggregate in one attempt (50% for SC/ST). Age : Below 22 years (25 years for SC/ST). Selection procedure – Based on merit in the qualifying exam and entrance test conducted by Anna University.

Open seats are filled through the All India Engineering Entrance Examination. (Refer to the Engineering & Technology chapter for more details).

Post graduate courses in Aeronautical Engineering

Some Institutes also offer post-graduate (M.Tech.) and Doctoral (Ph.D.) programmes. The Madras Institute of Technology offers a three year Graduate Programme in Aeronautical Engineering for B.Sc. students, subject to their having passed Maths and Physics at the graduation stage. The Indian Institute of Science (IIS), Bangalore has M.Tech. and Ph.D Programmes in aeronautics.

Mining and Petroleum Engineering - Introduction and Nature of Work

India has one of the richest resources of mineral wealth, which professionals in mining explore, extract and process. Mining engineers are involved in finding the source of valuable mineral deposits located beneath the earth’s surface or water and are involved in removing them in the most economical way separating as much as possible of the worth less materials from the valuable. Minerals include energy minerals, such as coal, non metallic minerals, such as limestone, and metallic minerals such as iron ore. The Mining industry is essentially a support industry. It provides the basic raw material for a very large range of industries. Thus job opportunities are in the private and public sectors. The mining industry employs engineers for production, safety and design. The industry also employs geologists, metallurgists for exploration and specialists for the mining of different minerals.

Petroleum engineers apply the principles of geology, physics and engineering sciences for the recovery development and processing of petroleum. Exploration work involves locating oil and gas sources. Petroleum engineers begin by determining the best location for drilling new wells and conduct feasibility studies for their economical running.They are involved in the operation of the oil and gas facilities, monitoring and forecasting reservoir performance and utilising their enhanced capacity. The optimum recovery of oil and natural gas from reservoirs is their major task. Since only a small proportion of oil and gas flow out in the natural course from reservoirs, petroleum engineers develop and use advanced recovery methods for maximum output.

Nature of Work

Mining engineers

Mining Engineers are involved in the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources, improvement in mining and the development of new operating and engineering practices. This may cover planning, designing, safety operation, excavation of minerals and their transportation, maintenance of mines, air circulation and removal of toxic gases from the mines. Mining industry offers a wide range of opportunities to Mining Engineers. These are in :

w Prospecting and Exploration [Geological, Airborne, Drilling and Sampling Surveys]

w Development (underground and surface)

w Exploitation (underground and surface)

w Mineral Refining

w Marketing

w Auxiliary Services required by the industry

Planning, Exploration - The method of mining depends on geographical factors and the mineral to be extracted. Mining engineers hence need to study the form of rock and the rock strata in order to determine the possible deposits and the best methods for its extraction. Mining engineers hence work with geologists and metallurgical engineers to locate and appraise new ore deposits.

Designing - Mining technologists design and supervise the construction of open pit and underground mines, supervise the construction of mine shafts and tunnels in underground operations, and devise methods for transporting minerals to processing plants.Mining engineers are responsible for the safe, economical and environmentally sound operation of mines.

Excavation, Refining - Mining engineers frequently specialise in the mining of one mineral, such as coal, gold, mica etc. They may work in direct mineral processing operations and also separate minerals from dirt, rocks and other materials mixed with it. The separated metallic content is stored for transportation to the manufacturing units where they are used in the manufacture of products like steel and petrol etc.

Research and Development - Mining engineers are also involved in the development of new equipment. These design engineers work on ventilation systems, earth and rock moving conveyors, underground railroads and elevators, rock and chipping equipments, explosive materials for blasting and locating these is their technical speciality.

Environmental protection - With growing concerns in environmental pollution many mining engineers work to solve problems related to land reclamation and water and air pollution.

Sales - Mining engineers are employed as sales managers to market mining equipments and supplies.

Petroleum engineers

Petroleum engineers determine and develop the most efficient production methods. These include injecting water, chemicals or steam into an oil reservoir to push out more oil, and horizontal drilling or fracturing to connect a gas reservoir to a well. The best methods used today are yet not absolutely efficient and hence petroleum engineers work to find ways to increase production, pipeline engineering etc. Their work includes design work, cost estimates, scheduling and supervision. Most of the work goes on at drilling sites or platforms set up on the ocean. Planning and administration work is carried out at urban centres - the main being at Mumbai, Assam and Chennai.

Petrolem engineering encompasses several specialities each one playing an important part in oil exploration, drilling and recovery. The oil recovery process begins with the analysing of cost factors to monitoring production rate and repacking the well after completion of the depletion work.

Geoscience engineers - Geo-science engineering is closely associated to this discipline and is concerned with exploration of prospective sites in collaboration with geophysicists and geologists. The geoscience engineer puts together the information of the geologist's environmental and seismic studies with the field engineers analysis and prepare estimates of the size of the reservoir.

Petrophysical specialist - The petrophysical specialist studies the formations and the oil content in the rock.

Field petroleum engineer - Field petroleum engineers analyse the oil bearing rock sediment and study the productivity. Field petroleum engineers are incharge of drilling operations and when significant oil is located they aim to maximise the oil production at the site.The specialists at the site are drilling engineers, production engineers and reservoir engineers.

Drilling Engineer - Drilling engineers design and supervise drilling operations.They supervise the building of the drilling platform, decide upon drilling equipment and methods.

Production engineer - Production engineers determine the most efficient methods and equipment to optimise oil and gas production. They plan primary, secondary and tertiary recovery methods.

Reservoir engineer - Reservoir engineers prepare estimates of the commercial viability for exploring oil reserves in wells located and determine the most effective methods of exploration.They work on evaluating the value of fresh sites due for commercial exploration .

Other specialists working in this field are research engineers, services
and sales personnel. These specialists generally have a higher relevant qualification.

Work Environment

Mining engineers work where the mineral deposits are located generally in small and remote places. In research, consultancy, teaching, sales the job is carried out in urban locations.

Those engineers who work on the site have to work in difficult conditions when in underground mines and also face danger of the hazards mining poses. Working in artificial light, poor ventilation, in humid atmosphere can be tough.

Petroleum engineers work in oil exploration on the high seas, forests, deserts, plains and mountains. The job of a drilling engineer is carried out at the site and involves a lot of leg work and stamina to work under difficult conditions of both terrain and climate. Petroleum engineers in planning, exploration, administration and sales, work in offices with occasional visits to the site. Research engineers work in laboratories. In the government, economics, consulting and management, petroleum engineers may be located in large cities.

Personal Characteristics

Mining engineers must be able to put their theoretical knowledge to practical use.Their approach should be practical and analytical and mechanical reasoning is required. Patience, responsible approach to work, endurance are critical assests of mining engineers.

Petroleum engineering is a branch which students must enter if they enjoy maths and earth sciences. They must innovate ways for getting work done and for solving problems. They must have curiosity to understand the complex ways of handling a task , an eye for detail, an ability to take responsibility and work with a team.

Employment Avenues

The nationalisation of mines and the National Mineral Policy confined job opportunities to public sector firms such as ONGC, Coal India Ltd., and National Mineral Devlopment. Now, however the sector has been opened to private companies in mineral exploration and extraction.

Mining engineers are usually employed at the location of mineral deposits and oil explorations. But the jobs in urban centres are the most sought after. Those in research and development, management, and consultancy are located in metropolitan areas. Most mining industries have their corporate offices in the capital town. Mining engineers work in mining industry, in engineering consultation firms, government agencies, in teaching and research institutions. The central mining research station at Dhanbad and at Kolar offers positions in research. Mining engineers find jobs with agencies like Manganese Ore India Ltd., Tata Iron & Steel Co., Khudremukh, Coal India Ltd., Steel Authority of India Ltd., India Iron and Steel Co. Ltd., ACS Ltd., Uranium Corporation of India Ltd., Mining & Allied Machinery Corporation, Government mining corporations i.e., Central Mining Research Station, Dhanbad; Indian Explosives Ltd., Indian Detonators Ltd., IBP Ltd. in the manufacture of mining machinery and in allied organizations who employ them as research and design engineers. Recent addition to the list of employees are companies like Reliance, TISCO, TELCO and MNC's like British Gas, Schlumberger and Halliburtion.

Petroleum engineers work largely with the petroleum industry, the major employees being oil companies, oil exploration, production and service companies. Engineering consulting firms, government agencies, oil field services, and equipment suppliers employ petroleum engineers. ONGC, Indian Oil, Oil India and Bharat Petroleum are the main employers. Petroleum engineers also work as consultants.

Mining and Petroleum Engineering - Study and Training

Mining engineering is the study of practical application of science and mathematics in the extraction, treatment and processing of metallic and non-metallic resources from the earth. The broad range of subjects covered in the course includes planning, design, construction and maintenance of mines, mine safety, excavation and transport of minerals. The mining industry requires design engineers, production engineers, mineral engineers and safety engineers. They determine the commercial viability of the product and decide on mining methods which are safe, economical and environmentally sound. Specialist experts render advice and supervision for different minerals.

Students considering a career as a petrolem engineer should be aware that this branch of work coordinates the efforts of chemical, electrical, geoscience, mechanical, environmental branches of engineering.

Courses/Institutions

B.E./B.Tech. (4 years course)

Eligibility criteria and admission procedures for admission to graduate
degree courses can be refered to on page 134 of the chapter 'Engineering
& Technology'.

University/Institution Seats Course

Eastern Region

West Bengal

Bengal Engineering College, PO 30* B.E. Mining

Botanical Garden, Howrah-711103 35 Metallurgy

(Deemed Univ.) ME Mining

Indian Institute of Technology, 18 B. Tech, M.Sc.

Kharagpur-721302 24 M.Tech. in Mining 2yrs./

5yrs. dual degree.

Bihar

Vinobha Bhave University, Bihar Institute of Tech- 26 B. Tech. Mining

nology, Sindri PO, Sindri Inst., Dhanbad 828123

*Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826004, B. Tech. in

80 » Mining Engg.,

20 » Mineral Engg.,

35 » Mining Machinery,

30 » Petroleum Engg.

15 » Open Cast & Surface

» M. Tech.available

Orissa

National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008 30 + 39 B.E, Mining Metallurgical

Orissa School of Mining Engg., Keonjhar 758001 30 BE (Mining)

Northern region

Madhya Pradesh

Pt. Ravishanker University, Engineering College, 50 B.E. (Mining)

Raipur-495009

Chhatisgarh

Guru Ghasidas University, Engineering College, 20 BE (Mining)

Bilaspur

Uttar Pradesh

Benaras Hindu Unisversity, 52 B.Tech. Matallurgy, Mining

Institute of Technology, 65 Rock Mechanics , Metal

Varanasi-221005 mining, Mine Planning

52 Metallurgy

Aligarh Muslim University 25 B.Sc. Petrochem. Tech.

IAMU Inst. of Petroleum Studies & Chemical 6 M.Sc.

Engg., AMU, Aligarch 207002 10 Petroleum Processing

Harcourt Butter Technological Institute, 20 BTech Oil Tech
Kanpur-208002 20 B Tech Point Tech.

Western Region

Rajasthan

College of Engineering, Udaipur 313001 20 BE (Mining)

Jai Narain Vyas University 40 PG Dip. & BE Mining Engg.

MBM Engineering College, Jodhpur-342011 ME Metaliferrous Mining

Maharashtra

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology 20 BE Mining

Nagpur 440011 40 Metallurgy

North Maharashtra University, Department 15 B.Tech. Oil Tech.

of Chemical Technology, Jalgaon 425 001 (4 yrs.)

Amravati University Department of Chemical 15 B.Tech (4 yrs.) Oil Tech.

Tech. Near Tapovan, Amravati 444602 15 Paint Tech.

Nagpur University, 60 B.E. Mining

Rajiv Gandhi College of Engg., Research

& Technology Ballarpur Rd, Chandrapur-442403

Dr. B S Amdedkar Technological University 30 B.Tech. Petrochemical

Lonere 402 103, Tal Mangaon, Distt Raigad

Shri Ramdeobaba Kamla Nehru Engineering 30 BE in Mining Electronics

College, Katol Road, Nagpur Design Technology

Maharashtra Instt. of Tech., 30 BE Petroleum

124, Kothurd Road, Pune 411038 30 BE Petrochemical

Department of Chemical Technology 15 B.Tech. Petrochemical

Amravati Univ., Amravati 444602 Tech.

Laxminarayan Institute of Technology Nagpur M. Tech. Perochemical

University, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440010 Tech.

Southern Region

Andhra Pradesh

University College of Engineering 25 BE (Mining)

Kothagudem-507101, Khammam

Karnataka

National Institute of Technology 33 B. Tech.

Surathkal, Srinivasnagar-574157 33 Metallurgical

Golden Valley Inst. of Technology, Oorgaum, 40 BE Mining

KGF 563120, Bangarpet Taluk, Kolar Distt.

Tamil Nadu

Anna Univeristy, College of Engineering 20 B.Tech

Guindy, Chennai 600025

Bharathidasan University 30 B.Tech Petrochemical

Bharathidasan Institute of Engg. & Tech. Engg.

Teruchuappalli 620024

Note : (*) For common admission details refer under the state in the chapter on Engineering and Technology.

Engineering Technicians - Diploma to Degree

Introduction

Engineering technicians assist engineers and scientists in assembly, repair and experiment oriented tasks. These are highly technical skilled operations involving a basic understanding of theoretical concepts and focus on functional precision and accuracy which the task requires. Prominent areas for training of technicians are mechanical, chemical, civil, electrical, electronic, communication, telecommunication, industrial, aeronautics branches as well as air-conditioning and refrigeration, automobile servicing, appliances servicing, computer maintenance and repair. Engineering technicians may work for specific industries such as plastics, sugar, jute, etc.and undergo special training for these sectors. Technician in many work situations are assisted by engineering tradesman who operate on specific machine equipments and tools.

Engineering technicians study for a diploma. They may subsequently acquire a degree status by qualifying examinations conducted by the appropriate professional body e.g. Institution of Engineers, Institute of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, Aeronautical Society of India etc. Optionally they may undergo post diploma part time engineering courses to upgrade their qualifications.

Nature of Work

Aeronautical engineering technician

Aeronautical technicians hold diplomas in aircraft maintenance engineering or associateship of the institute of aeronautical engineering. The technicians are trained to engage in tasks related to servicing, repair, production and assembly, development and design. Their job is carried out under the supervision of engineers. They are principally employed by airlines, government production units, Airport authority and in research organisations. In research the task involves collecting and recording data, operating test equipment such as simulators, devising testing norms for quality control, fixing problems as per mathematical procedures given by engineers to fit specific problems and finally reporting test data to scientists/ engineers.

Technicians specialising in launch and recovery work for launch and recovery equipments on aircraft carriers. Avionics specialists repair, test, install and maintain radar and radio equipments aboard aircrafts and space crafts.

Air-conditioning and refrigeration technician

Air-conditioning and refrigeration technicians work on systems which are used for internal temperature & humidity control be it machines, rooms, halls, structures such as hospitals, theatres, apartment buildings, industries, malls etc. The task incorporates tasks such as installation, maintenance, sales and manufacture. Technicians are trained to work from the blue print of the equipment they are installing , maintaining or repairing. They are also trained for technical repair operations such as soldering, welding etc. required during installation. They carry out servicing of central airconditioning plants, refrigeration systems including commercial machines used in superstores, hotels and food processing industries. Their major task is identifying cause for problem and troubleshooting. Opportunities for work exist in manufacturing industries, with maintenance contractors, distributors,dealers, or utility companies .

Automobile servicing technician

Automobile servicing involves repair and maintenance of cars, vans, fourwheel drives, trucks etc. The maintask is focussed in the manufacturing sector for assembly line jobs and in service and repair workshops. In the latter the major work involves trouble shooting. Their training involves understanding the electrical and mechanical systems of the vehicle. As cars are becoming more sophisticated technicians are beginning to specialise in a particular system or a specific vehicle part and function. There are tuning specialists, brake repairers, transmission technicians, electronic component technicians etc.

Appliances servicing technician

Household appliances are increasing day by day. Servicing technician hence have many opportunities in working for installation, maintenance or repair of these gadgets. Electrical appliances such as washing machine, cooking range, sewing machines, fans and coolers, toaster etc. requires maintenance for which service technicians make service calls.

Chemical engineering technician

Chemical engineering technicians assist chemical engineers and chemists. Their employment and work is almost universally with the chemical and associated industries where chemicals are used. Industries where typically chemical technicians work are in paints, plastics, fertilisers, detergents, synthetic fibres, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, aerospace, metals, electronics, automotive and construction industries. While chemical technicians may specialise in analytical chemistry, biochemistry, nuclear chemistry, physical, organic chemistry or other specialised areas their work involves assisting in research and development, design, production or quality control. The routine function a chemical technician is involved in is setting up testing apparatus, preparing chemical solutions for use in manufacturing or processing materials. They are required to set up a range of highly technical equipments, maintain them, and help operators in the use of such equipment. Analytical balances, gas chromotographs, vacuum chambers colorimeters are some examples with which chemical technologists work.

Civil Engineering technician

Civil Engineering technicians work in a range of civil engineering projects- highways, water and sewage facilities, drainage systems, railways, airports, subways, dams, bridges and tunnels. The task involves surveying, supervision, collecting data, designing, planning. Structural engineering technicians are involved in designing, planning, calculating, preparing draft plans and technical details.

Communication/telecommunication Engineering technician

This category has technicians who work on communication systems such as office equipments, navigation and flight control systems, signal and telecommunication equipments etc. They have an understanding of electrical measuring and testing devices, blueprints, circuit diagrams and the use of complex tools and gadgetry with which they work. They test, repair, and troubleshoot communication devices.

Electronic Engineering technician

Electronic engineering technicians work with industrial /consumer electronics in one of the following areas- product development, manufac-turing, service and maintenance. Equipments such as radar, navigational equipments, computers, radio, televisions, stereos, calculators are fabricated, operated, tested, and trouble shot. Electronic goods are changed, modified in circuitry by competent technician while the fresh entrants are involved in installation, assembly and maintenance of electronic equipment. Electronic technicians are known to specialise in instrumentation, computers and ancilliaries, nuclear reactor electronics, systems testing electronics.

Marine Services Technicians

Marine service technicians carry out checks /inspect, maintain and repair marine vessels. They learn about marine engines, transmissions, navigational equipment, electrical, propulsion and refrigeration systems.

Mechanical Engineering technician

Mechanical engineering technicians are employed in a very wide range of industries since machineries are required in every industry. After basic mechanical training they may specialise or learn on the job in product manufacturing, fluid mechanics, turbo machinery, energy mechanics etc. From design and development to testing, manufacture and tool design is their responsibility.

Plastic technicians

Plastic technicians work in the following areas – research and development, mould and tool making, manufacturing, sales and service.

Work Environment

Technicians work on shopfloor, in research labs and in clients premises. The task is often strenuous as it requires skill, precision, and patience. In chemicals factories the job can be hazourdous with toxic fumes while in airconditioning the task could involve significant amount of outdoor work often in the hot summer. Marine and aviation technicians too work in difficult weather conditions as substantial amount of work involves maintenance and repair. Handling of tools requires robust health. The long work schedules and responsibility is often very taxing. The work of technicians requires keeping deadlines which could be demanding.

Personal Characteristics

Technicians need mathematical and mechanical aptitude. They should be able to interpret abstract concepts, apply scientific principles from the design stage to the manufacturing processes. Their work involves coordinating with other workers hence patience and amiability for team work will be required. They should be able to interpret sketches and drawings and must have a basic aptitude to understand and work with mechanical equipments. Specialists need to understand the details of the working of the equipments they would be handling.

Chemical technicians need tremendous patience as often experiments have to be repeated. Their task requires both manual and intellectual capability. They need precision, skill and coordination , organisational skills, good vision and colour perception.

Employment Avenues

Technicians are employed in all sectors as shopfloor workers. They work under the direct supervision of engineers. Employment opportunities are with defence, public sector industries and in private manufacturing units.

Engineering Technicians - Study and Training

Technicians are trained through diploma programmes offered in Industrial Training Institutes(ITI’s), Vocational Training Institutes or Professional Institutes. Professional Trade workers and Diploma holders may upgrade their qualifications by acquiring membership of professional organisations such as the Institution of Engineers, Institution of Electronic & Telecommuni-cation Engineers, Aeronautical Society of India, or by pursuing a post diploma part time / full time degree course in the discipline of their specialisation.

Engineering craftsmen are trained after Class VIII and Class X. There are Model Training Institutes run by the government at Kolkata, Mumbai, Kanpur, Nainital, Hyderabad, Ludhiana, Chennai. There are several training options such as 1 year, 2 year or three year training options after Class X.

One year training can be undertaken in Welding, Forging and Heat treatment, Deisel mechanics, Sheet metal work, Carpentry.

Two year training can be taken for becoming a motor mechanic, fitter, turner, machinist, electrician, Radio/ TV mechanic, refrigeration/TV mechanic, draughtsman for mechanical and civil engineering, electronic repair mechanic, wireman and telecommunication lineman after Class X (minimum 60% is required).

Three years training is offered in Tool & die making, civil, electrical, electronics, automobile, mechanical, architectural assistantship, plastic technology, textile technology, power systems, paper technology, radio/video mechanics, transportation etc.

Various polytechnics offer three-year diploma in Architectural Assistant course. The diploma can be upgraded to the level of a degree (recognised by the Council of Architecture, the regulatory body which also awards the permission to practice) by passing the four-year course conducted by the Indian Institute of Architects (head office in Mumbai) annually. The requirements for this is a three year diploma with two year work experience.

Courses/ Institutions

Institute of Engineers

The Institution conducts the following examinations allowing entry at various levels :

* Studentship • Section A (Non-Diploma Stream) • Section A (Diploma
Stream) o Section B in the following branches of engineering:

* Architectural Engineering • Chemical Engineering • Civil Engineering
• Electrical Engineering • Electronics and Communication Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering • Metallurgy and Material Science • Mining Engineering • Textile Engineering

* Special Examination for attachment to Architectural Engineering Division

* Aerospace Engineering • Agricultural Engineering • Computer Engineering

* Environmental Engineering • Marine Engineering • Production Engineering

The examinations are notified in the Technicians’ Journal of the Institute. The Institution’s examinations are held twice a year, generally in May/June and in November/December termed as ‘Summer’ and ‘Winter’ Examinations.

Studentship examination

A candidate for Studentship Examination is permitted to appear in an examination in one or more subjects (including the subjects in which he appeared previously but failed to secure exemption marks). Studentship Examination subjects are as given in the Chart at the end of this chapter.

Eligibility - For Studentship Examination, candidates should be 16 years on the date of application for election.

Academic training - Should be engaged in engineering profession, as a pupil or apprentice or assistant under a corporate member or a person possessing the qualification required to be elected as a corporate member.

Educational qualifications - The following categories of candidates may apply for Studentship with the conditions as stated against each:

Part A - Candidates who have passed the Matriculation or the Secondary Sch-ool Leaving Certificate Examination or equivalent Examination with Mathe-matics. They will be required to pass the Studentship Examination in full.

Part B - (a) Candidates who have passed the Intermediate Science, Intermediate Arts, Higher Secondary or equivalent examination (10+2 or 12-year course) taking one or more but not all the subjects, viz., English, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. They will be required to pass the Studentship Examination in the remaining subjects in which they have not passed the Intermediate or equivalent examination stated above.

(b) Candidates who have passed the three-year Bachelor Degree Examination
or the two-year course (10+2+3 system) with one or more of the subjects
English, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics but have not passed the
Pre-University or Higher Secondary Examination with all the aforesaid subjects. They will be required to pass the Studentship Examination in the remaining subjects in which they have not passed the three year or two-year Bachelor Degree Examination.

Exemption - Students who have taken National Certificate exams of State Boards of Technical Education Diploma courses from University departments (AICTE approved), colleges, polytechnics, schools and engineering institutes (AICTE approved) are exempted from the studentship examination.

The following is the schedule of accepted educational qualifications for exemption from Studentship Examination :

* Intermediate Science examination with English, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry.

* Bachelor of Science examination with Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry.

* Passing of the first year examination or promotion to the second year of a three-year Bachelor’s Degree course with any one of the subjects : Mathematics or Physics or Chemistry, provided the candidate has passed the Pre-University or Higher Secondary Examination with English, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry.*

* Passing of the two-year course (10+2=3 system) with English, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, conducted by any State Board of Higher Secondary Education or recognized Indian University after 10 years of school education.

* Pre-Professional Examination in Engineering or the Passing of the first year examination of a five-year integrated course in Engineering

* Pre-engineering Examination

* Board of Apprenticeship Training Admission Examination, West Bengal

* B. Arch. Preliminary Examination of Kolkata University

* Passing of the first year Examination of B.Sc. B.Ed. of Regional College of
Education, Ajmer

* Passing of the two-year course of Indian Military Academy/National
Defence Academy, Khadakvasla and Dehradun.

Section A (non-diploma stream) examination

Section A (Non-Diploma Stream) Examination are for those technician members who have been on the roll of the Institution for one year before they are eligible to appear in the examination. This Examination has 10 subjects each carrying 100 marks. The duration of examination in each subject is 3 hours.

Section A (Non-Diploma Stream) candidates are permitted to appear at the examination in one or more subjects, but not exceeding 5 subjects at a time.

The full marks for examination in each subject is 100. A candidate for Section A (Diploma Stream) is permitted to appear in an examination in one or more subjects.

Exemption - Students completing a B.Sc./B.Sc.(Tech) course from a university department (approved by AICTE) or Institutes of Technology/Engineering are exempted from Section A of the Institution's examinations.

Section B examination - The following are eligible to appear in Section B Examination.

* Senior technician members and technician members of the Institution who have passed Section A or any other examination recognised by the Council as exempting them from and who have further been certified eligible for appearing in Section B Examination.

* Members who have passed Sections A and B Examinations in one branch of engineering or secured exemption there from (for appearing in any other branch or subjects).

* Persons holding degrees in Architecture or such other qualifications as recognised by the Council and desiring to be attached to Architectural Engineering Division of the Institution. They should apply for election as a member and after approval of their applications they should pass the following subjects of Section B Examination before election: (i) Theory of Structures, (ii) Structural Design, and (iii) Prestressed and Precast Concrete Structures, or Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.

* Civil Engineers/Environmental Engineers already elected as members of the Institution and attached to the respective Divisions, desiring to be transferred to the Architectural Engineering Division of the Institution are required to pass the following subjects of Section B Examination (i) History of Architecture, (ii) Architectural Design, and (iii) Town Planning and Landscape Architecture. Candidates willing to appear at Section B Examination must select any one branch of engineering. They are required to appear in 10 subjects - 7 compulsory and 3 optional. A candidate for Section B Examination is permitted to appear in one or more subjects but not exceeding 4 subjects at a time (including the subjects in which he appeared previously but failed to secure exemption marks). However, in addition to these subjects, a candidate may appear in Mathematics III as an additional subject. Candidates who wish to appear in additional branch of engineering are exempted, on request, from appearing in those subjects in which they have secured 50 or more marks in the Institution Examinations in the previous branch.

Technician members

Eligibility for a technician member or for transfer from student to technician membership­ is :-

(a) That he has attained the age of 18 years on the date of his application for election or transfer. (b) That he is engaged in the engineering profession as a pupil or apprentice or assistant under a corporate member or a person possessing the qualification required to be elected as a corporate member and that he, in the opinion of the Council, is making satisfactory progress in the acquisition of qualifications for corporate membership. (c) That he has passed the Studentship Examination as conducted by the Institution or should possess an educational qualification recognised by the Council as sufficient for exemption from passing the said Studentship Examination.

Senior technician members

Every candidate for election as a senior technician member or for transfer from technician member or student to senior technician member should satisfy the following requirements :

(a) That he has attained the age of 18 years on the date of his application for election or transfer. (b) That he is engaged in the engineering profession as a pupil or apprentice or assistant under a corporate member or a person possessing the qualification required to be elected as a corporate member and should in the opinion of the Council be making satisfactory progress in the acquisition of qualifications for corporate membership provided that temporary unemployment is no bar to his election. (c) That he has passed either (a) an Accredited Diploma Examination in Engineering or Technology or its equivalent as recognised by the Council or (b) such other Examination recognized by the Council as exempting from passing Section A of the Institution’s Examination in non-diploma stream.

Educational qualifications - Candidates, who have passed an Examination as listed, are eligible to apply for senior technician membership.

Address for contact -

Institute of Electronic & Telecommunication Engineers

The institution of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineers is a national professional body (est 1953) with 41 centres and carries out scientific and industrial research as well as examinations of AMIETE and DIPIETE in the following streams - Elec. & Telecom, Comp. Sc. & Engg., Information Technology. AMIETE (Degree Level) Examination is recognised by Government of Indian and UPSC for Superior Posts & Services, and by a large number of Universities/Institutions for higher education. DIPIETE (Diploma Level) Examination is recognised by Government of India for Subordinate Posts & Services, and number of State Government and Union territories.

Professional examinations for technicians

Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering may be acquired on passing membership examination of the Institute of Electronic & Telecommunication Engineers.

DIPIETE (Diploma Level Course)

Eligibility - (i) 16 years of age or above (ii) Passed 10th Std. examination with General Science or Physics, Chemistry & Mathematics conducted by a recognised Board of Education and student of 10+2 or apprentice/working in a recognised approved organisation engaged in Electronics or Telecommunication or allied activities.

AMIETE (Degree Level Course)

Eligibility - (i) 16 years of age or above (ii) Passed 10 + 2 Examination with Physics, Chemistry & Mathematics AND student of B.Sc./Diploma or apprentice/working in a recognised/approved organisation engaged in Electronics or Telecommunication or allied activities. OR Passed B.Sc. or Diploma from a recognised institution.

Career Routes through IETE

Examinations - Examinations for AMIETE and DIPIETE are conducted twice a year in the month of June and December at Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chandigarh, Delhi, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Chennai, Pune, Vijayawada, Thiruvananthapuram, Jabalpur, Aligarh, Allahabad, Dehradun, Bhubaneswar, Mankapur, Pilani, Imphal, Abu Dhabi, Kathmandu, Kuwait, Riyadh.

Exemptions are listed in Annexure I

Adresses for contact

* The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers

2, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003. website : www.lete.org.

* Ahmedabad : 206, Umiya Shopping Centre, Satellite Road, Ahmedabad 380015

* Bangalore : IETE Building, Ganganagar, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 032

* Bombay (Mumbai) : c/o IE (India) Building, 15, Haji Ali Part, K.Khadye Marg, Mahalaxmi, Bombay 400 034

* Kolkata : 3A, Chowringhee Place, Raneegunge Coal House, 53 & 58, II Floor, Kolkata 700 013

* Chandigarh : C/o CSIO, Sector 30, Chandigarh 160 020

* Delhi : IETE Building, 2 Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003

* Hyderabad : IETE Building, Osmania University Campus, Hyderabad 500007

* Chennai : 37, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086

* Pune : “Raghuraj”, 62 Indira Nagar, Erandawana, Pune 411 004

* Thiruvananthapuram - C/o CGM Telecom (Kerala Circle), Thiruvanantha-puram 695033

Aeronautical Society of India

Associate Membership of the Aeronautical Society of India ( as detailed in the Commercial Aviation chapter Page 35)

Indian Institute of Architects

India Institute of Architects offers Associateship to diploma holders in Architecture.The 4 year course( 4 semesters) can be done through correspondence.There is an examination at the end of semester 2 and 3. A thesis has to be submitted and viva taken to get the associateship.The Associateship Membership is considered equivalent to a B.Arch in India as well as abroad. Diploma holders must have a year of experience before they can enrol for the course.The membership course can be pursued by Interior Designers, Assistant Architects and Architectural Draughtsmen.

Address for contact – Indian Institute of Architects, Mumbai. Northern India Chapter, 8-B Shanker Market, New Delhi –110003

Specialised Technicians Training

Indian Institute of Handloom Technology, Foulke’s Compound, Thillai Nagar, Salem 636001 Tamilnadu

Course - Post Diploma Course in Textile Chemistry Duration - One & half years (3 Semesters)

Eligibility - 3 years Diploma course in Handloom Technology with 50% marks in Textile Chemistry. Textile Technology Diploma candidates can also apply.

Indian Institute of Handloom Technology, Jodhpur.

Course - 3 year diploma in Handloom Technology

Eligibility - 10th standard or equivalent with 45% marks in aggregate and minimum 50% marks in Mathematics and Science put together with English as a subject of study. 5% weightage is allowed for candidates seeking admission after passing 12th standard with Science subjects and relaxation of 5% for SC/ST candidates.

Age Limit : 15 - 21 years for SC/ST 15 - 23 years.

Address for contact - Handlooms & Textiles section, Room 61, Department of Industries, Govt. of National Capital Territory of Delhi, CPO. Building, Kashmere Gate, Delhi- 110006

Visva-Bharati Shilpa Sadana, Sriniketan, Birbhum - 731 236

Course - Three year diploma courses (approved by AICTE) in (I) Textile Technology (Handloom), (ii) Furniture Technology and Interior Design, (iii) Pottery and Ceramic Technology.

Eligibility - Pass in Madhyamik examination or its equivalent from a recognised Board/Institution having at least 50% marks in aggregate with English, Mathematics and Physical Science. Age - 21 years 1st July of the year of applying.

Selection - Admission according to merit and on the basis of an aptitutde test to be conducted by the department.

Central Institute of Tool Design, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037 www. citdindia.org.

Course - Diploma in Tool Engineering, Post diploma in Tool Design. Duration-2 years, one year respectively.

Eligibility - A pass in 2 yrs. ITI course with Fitter/Machine/Tool & Die Maker/Turner/Mechanical Draughtman Trade or a pass in 2 yrs. intermediate course with MPC group with min. 3 yrs. Practical experience in Mech. Engineering Workshops. For Course 2 a pass in LME/DME or equivalent.

Regular Courses :

* PG Course Tool, Die & Mould Design : (Recognized by GDI, MDE as an advanced PG Qualification) 16 seats open 14 sponsored

Duration - 1½ years.

Eligibility - B.E. (Mech.)/B.E. (prodn.) or recognized as equivalent Age : 30 years.

Selection - Entrance test. Relaxation upto 5 yrs. for SC/ST candidates.

* Post Dip course in Tool Design (App. by AICTE, New Delhi)

Duration - 1 yr. for general candidates and second division with a minimum of 60% marks for SC/ST candidates.

Eligibility - LME/DME, Ist division with minimum 60% marks-general candidates 50% marks for SC/ST. Age : 27 years.

Selection - Through entrance test relaxation up to 5 yrs. SC/ST.

* Diploma Course in Tool Making (Recognized by GOI, MOE & also approved by AICTE, New Delhi) Duration - 4 years. Eligibility - SCC/Metric with ITI in Trades of Tool & Die Maker/Fitter/Machinist. Age - 25 yrs. Relaxation upto 5 year - SC/ST.

No. of seats : 20 seats – entrance test.

Indo-Danish Tool Room, M-4 (Part), Phase VI, Tata Kandra Main Road, Jamshedpur - 832108 website : www.idtrjamshedpur.com

* Diploma in Tool & Diemaking Duration : 4 yrs.

Eligibility : X with Physics, Chemistry with Maths 50% (40% for SC/ST/OBC)

Age : 15-18 yrs. (21 yrs. - SC/ST/OBC), Selection : Test

* Post Diploma in Computer Aided Tool Design. sDuration : 6 months
Eligibility : BE/Dip. in Mech./Prod/Automobile or equivalent. Seats : 30

Indo German Tool Room, P-31, MIDC, Industrial Area, Chilkalthana, Aurangabad –431210. website : www.iftr_aur.org courses offered are -

* Advance Diploma in Tool & Die Making Duration - 4 years, Certificate course Machinist (Tool Room) 2 yrs.

Eligibility - X with Min 60 %. (50% for SC/ST) Age : 15-19 yrs.

Selection : Written test and interview.

* PG Dip. in Tool Design & Post Dip. in Tool Design & CAD CAM

Eligibility : Degree in Engg. (Mech./Prod/Automobile) for 2nd course Dip. holders in the same discipline may apply.

Tool Room and Training Centre, Wazirpur Indl. Area, Delhi - 110052

Course : PG Course in Tool Design & Manufacture Duration : 2 years.

Eligibility : Graduate in Mech. or Prod/60% in aggregate (Max. age 27)

National Institute of Secondary Steel Technology, (Min of Steel), PB 92, GT Road, Gobindgarh-147301/MHADA Complex, Nagpur-440010/ Nizam Place, Acharya JC Bose Road, Kolkata-700020.

Central Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology, Guindy, Chennai-600032 (Refer to chapter Plastic Technologists)

Centre for Electronic Design & Technology of India ( CEDTI) University Campus, Aurrangabad-431004 offers diploma courses in Electronic production and Maintenance.

Vasantdata Sugar Institute, Manjari (BK)., 412 307 Tal, Haveli, Dist.Pune Maharahtra.

Courses -

* Certificate in Sugar Engineering of 1 year duration for diploma holders in Mechanical/Electrical/Chemical Engg.

* Certificate in Sugar Boiling of 6 Months duration for S.S.S.C with min. 2 years experience in Sugar Factory.

* Certificate in Juice Supervision of 6 Months for S.S.C. with min. 2 years experience in Sugar Factory.

National Sugar Institute, Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208017 U.P.

Courses -

* Post Graduate Diploma course of associateship of National Sugar Institute (ANSI) in Sugar Technology (written entrance examination)

Eligibility - BSc with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics or Bachelors degree in Chemical Engineering having secured minimum 45% marks in aggregate, provided that in the case of candidates belonging to scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribes minimum marks will be 40%. Duraton - 21/2 years.

* Post Graduate Diploma course of associateship of National Sugar Institute (ANSI) in Sugar Engineering (written entrance examination)

Eligibility - Bachelor's Degree in Mechanical or Electrical Engineering or equivalent Qualification in Mechanical or Electrical branch only. Duration - 11/2 years.

* Certificate course in Sugar Engineering ( 2 off seasons)

Eligibility : Diploma in Mech./Elect. Engg., experience as Asstt Engg./ 2 yrs. experience in Supervisory capacity in sugar factory.

* Cerfificate course in Sugar Boiling (1 off-seasons)

Eligibility : Matric with Sc./Agri. & one full seasons sugar boiling experience in a vaccum pan sugar factory.

* Preharvest Cane Maturity Survey certificate course (1½ month)

Eligibiligy : 10+2 with Sc./2 yrs. experience in a sugar factory/field work.

* Fellowship of National Sugar Instt. by Research (FNSI) in Tech, FNSI in. Eligibility : ANSI in Sugar Tech.

* ENSI in Sugar Engg. Eligibility : ANSI in Sugar Engg.

Women’s Vocational Training Programmes

Name of the Min. admission qualification Institute(s) where courses
Course and duration required are offered and No. of seats

Computer Operator & Pa